An Application-Aware Spectrum Sharing Approach for Commercial Use of 3.5 GHz Spectrum

In this paper, we introduce an application-aware spectrum sharing approach for sharing the Federal under-utilized 3.5 GHz spectrum with commercial users. In our model, users are running elastic or inelastic traffic and each application running on the user equipment (UE) is assigned a utility function based on its type. Furthermore, each of the small cells users has a minimum required target utility for its application. In order for users located under the coverage area of the small cells' eNodeBs, with the 3.5 GHz band resources, to meet their minimum required quality of experience (QoE), the network operator makes a decision regarding the need for sharing the macro cell's resources to obtain additional resources. Our objective is to provide each user with a rate that satisfies its application's minimum required utility through spectrum sharing approach and improve the overall QoE in the network. We present an application-aware spectrum sharing algorithm that is based on resource allocation with carrier aggregation to allocate macro cell permanent resources and small cells' leased resources to UEs and allocate each user's application an aggregated rate that can at minimum achieves the application's minimum required utility. Finally, we present simulation results for the performance of the proposed algorithm.Comment: Submitted to IEE

Insights on Significant Implication on Research Approach for Enhancing 5G Network System

With the exponential growth of mobile users, there is a massive growth of data as well as novel services to support such data management. However, the existing 4G network is absolutely not meant for catering up such higher demands of bandwidth utilization as well as servicing massive users with similar Quality of service. Such problems are claimed to be effectively addressed by the adoption of 5G networking system. Although the characteristics of 5G networking are theoretically sound, still it is under the roof of the research. Therefore, this paper presents a discussion about the conventional approach as well as an approach using cognitive radio network towards addressing the frequently identified problems of energy, resource allocation, and spectral efficiency. The study collects the existing, recent researches in the domain of 5G communications from various publications. Different from existing review work, the paper also contributes towards identifying the core research findings as well as a significant research gap towards improving the communication in the 5G network system

Utah Wireless Integrated Network (UWIN)

CHDS State/LocalThe state of Utah, like all states and the federal government, has had a long-standing need to improve communication capacity in its emergency response and public safety system. As government entities strive to meet this priority in the National Strategy for Homeland Security, it is crucial that communication systems be interoperable. Ironically, the groundwork for establishing an interoperable communication system nationwide is dependent upon effective human communication and coordination among policy makers, homeland security professionals, first responders and technologists. Accurate and complete information, in the right hands at the right time, can prevent, deter or mitigate a terror event or other mass casualty event. As hosts of the 2002 Winter Olympics, Utah understood that communication was critical to incident command and control and created a world-class 800 MHz communication system to support that mission. Since the 2002 Winter Olympics, with the leadership of former Governor Olene S. Walker and hard work and dedication from multiple agencies, Utah has developed that basic Olympic communications blueprint into the Utah Wireless Integrated Network (UWIN). It is the nationâ s first statewide, interoperable, wireless voice and data network and it is used every day by Utahâ s public safety professionals.http://archive.org/details/utahwirelessinte109452679Executive Director, Utah Department of Administrative Service

Modeling, Analysis and Design for Carrier Aggregation in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

Carrier aggregation (CA) and small cells are two distinct features of next-generation cellular networks. Cellular networks with small cells take on a very heterogeneous characteristic, and are often referred to as HetNets. In this paper, we introduce a load-aware model for CA-enabled \textit{multi}-band HetNets. Under this model, the impact of biasing can be more appropriately characterized; for example, it is observed that with large enough biasing, the spectral efficiency of small cells may increase while its counterpart in a fully-loaded model always decreases. Further, our analysis reveals that the peak data rate does not depend on the base station density and transmit powers; this strongly motivates other approaches e.g. CA to increase the peak data rate. Last but not least, different band deployment configurations are studied and compared. We find that with large enough small cell density, spatial reuse with small cells outperforms adding more spectrum for increasing user rate. More generally, universal cochannel deployment typically yields the largest rate; and thus a capacity loss exists in orthogonal deployment. This performance gap can be reduced by appropriately tuning the HetNet coverage distribution (e.g. by optimizing biasing factors).Comment: submitted to IEEE Transactions on Communications, Nov. 201

Spectrum Coexistence Mechanisms for Mobile Networks in Unlicensed Frequency Bands

Mobile network operators have historically experienced increasing traffic loads at a steady pace, which has always strained the available network capacity and claimed constantly for new methods to increase the network capacity. A key solution proposed to increase the available spectrum is the exploitation of the unlicensed spectrum in the 5 GHz bands, predominantly occupied by Wi-Fi technology. However, an uncontrolled deployment of mobile networks in unlicensed bands could potentially lead to a resource starvation prob lem for Wi-Fi networks and therefore degrade their performance significantly. To address this issue, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standardised the Long Term Evolution Unlicensed (LTE-U) and Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) technologies. The main philosophy of these technologies is to allow mobile operators to benefit from the vast amount of available spectrum in unlicensed bands without degrading the performance of Wi-Fi networks, thus enabling a fair coexistence. However, the proposed coexistence mechanisms have been proven to provide very limited guarantees of fairness, if any at all. This thesis proposes several improvements to the 3GPP coexistence mechanisms to en able a truly fair coexistence between mobile and Wi-Fi networks in unlicensed bands. In particular, various methods are proposed to adjust the transmission duty cycle in LTE-U and to adapt/select both the waiting and transmission times for LAA. The main novelty of this work is that the proposed methods exploit the knowledge of the existing Wi-Fi activity statistics to tune the operating parameters of the coexistence protocol (duty cycle, contention window size and its adaptation, transmission opportunity times, etc.), optimise the fairness of spectrum coexistence and the performance of mobile networks. This research shows that, by means of a smart exploitation of the knowledge of the Wi-Fi activity statistics, it is possible to guarantee a truly fair coexistence between mobile and Wi-Fi systems in unlicensed bands. Compared to the 3GPP coexistence mechanisms, the proposed methods can attain a significantly better throughput performance for the mobile network while guaranteeing a fair coexistence with the Wi-Fi network. In some cases, the proposed methods are able not only to avoid degradation to the Wi-Fi network but even improve its performance (compared to a coexistence scenario between Wi-Fi networks only) as a result of the smart coexistence mechanisms proposed in this thesis. The proposed methods are evaluated for the 4G LTE standard but are similarly applicable to other more recent mobile technologies such as the Fifth Generation New Radio in Unlicensed bands (5G NR-U)

Spectrum Sharing: Quantifying the Benefits of Different Enforcement Scenarios

Recent studies have forecasted major growth in mobile broadband traffic. Due to the predicted high growth rate of mobile broadband traffic over the coming years (demand), there is a need for more wireless network capacity (supply). One of the major approaches to expand mobile wireless capacity is to add more spectrum to the market by enabling “spectrum sharing”. The FCC has issued many reports indicating that the US is dangerously close to running out of capacity for mobile data, which is why the FCC and the NTIA have been working continually to enable spectrum sharing. The spectrum usage rights granted by the Federal government to spectrum users/licensees come with the expectation of protection from harmful interference. As a consequence of the growth of wireless demand and services of all types, technical progress enabling smart agile radio networks, and on-going spectrum management reform, there is both a need and opportunity to use and share spectrum more intensively. This dissertation is written on the premise that spectrum sharing will be a major factor in increasing the capacity supply in the near future. The focus of this dissertation is to examine and quantify the benefits of spectrum sharing through different enforcement scenarios. Enabling spectrum sharing regimes on a non-opportunistic basis means that sharing agreements must be implemented. To have meaning, those agreements must be enforceable. This dissertation will examine the spectrum sharing between government and commercial users and try to generalize some finding, which can be implemented, in different spectrum sharing cases. This analysis is valuable because it will help regulators/governments prepare for possible future scenarios in addressing the potential capacity crunch. In addition, it can give the incumbents more insight into expected future sharing as well as into how to optimize mitigation of possible harmful interference that may result. It is also of value to commercial users and operators in that they can use the results of this work to make more informed decisions about the economic benefits of different spectrum sharing market and opportunities