Sustainable groundwater exploitation in Nigeria

In this study, a critical review of the groundwater resources history and management in Nigeria was done. The aim was to identify reasons why groundwater is increasingly being exploited in recent times, and to explore ways through which the exploitation could be done sustainably. This was achieved through literature review. It was observed that an estimated 60% of Nigeria’s population get drinking water from ground resources. This high statistic is mostly the resultant effect of infrastructural decay in the potable water supply sector of the country. In Nigeria, just 14 % of the country’s population get regular water supply through piped sources while the remainder of the country’s 162.5 million people draw their water supply mainly from surface and groundwater sources. Groundwater, in Nigeria, is accessed mainly in form of shallow (hand-dug) and deep (boreholes) wells. Well water withdrawal activities are mostly un-regulated and, therefore, the water sources are often subjected to avoidable abuses and pollutions. In particular, rapid urbanization, agricultural and industrial activities are major contributors of pollutions to groundwater sources. Also, unavailability of data such as geographical information on water quantity, hydrology, state of aquifer and withdrawal limits have contributed to the unsustainable use of groundwater in Nigeria. It was recommended that proper regulation of groundwater resources and its protection under the land use act of 1978 could be instrumental to its sustainable exploitatio

Evaluation of the Influence of Reactor Design on the Treatment Performance of an Optimized Pilot-Scale Waste Stabilization Pond

Waste stabilization pond (WSP) is globally one of the most popular wastewater treatment options due to its high efficiency and low cost. A field scale prototype was designed and scaled down to a pilot-scale model using dimensional analysis in the development of the foot print size. Pilot-scale reactors were built with the specifications produced from literature suggested reactor geometric configurations and experimental study was conducted to evaluate the performance of optimized pilot-scale WSP configurations. The optimized pilot scale WSPs consisted of an anaerobic, facultative, and a maturation stage with varying baffle orientation, length to width ratio, and depth. Comparisons were made on the optimized pilot-scale WSP reactors. The removal performance of the experimental test was based on a number of parameters (Faecal coliform, pH, TDS, and Conductivity). Results showed that the significantly lower cost design displayed slightly better removal performance compared to other WSP design developed from literature data. This paper covers a relevant subject within the field of waste stabilization ponds, namely the representation of the influence of reactor design on the treatment performance of WSP

Corporate social responsibility: Approaching it from the objective-of-shari'ah perspective

Corporate social responsibility, as a legal topic, has received much attention from scholars of corporate law from Western perspective. The reason behind such attachment of importance is that in the present world corporations impact, to a great extent, people’s lives, commercial, social, cultural and even political. On the other hand, they have an important role to play in connection with environment, people’s morals and ethics, product wholesomeness, etc. In the process of Islamization of laws there is a need to consider this issue from Islamic perspective. In this proposed paper this matter would be addressed from Shari’ah objective perspective

L’immersion précoce en allemand au cycle 1 dans le canton de Neuchâtel :: l’enseignement des langues en Suisse dans un contexte européen

La migration des populations, tant au niveau cantonal, national, européen que mondial, influence inévitablement les politiques éducatives qui doivent s’adapter au contexte social. Chaque individu, en Suisse comme ailleurs, a son propre profil linguistique et culturel. C’est pourquoi, l’enseignement doit privilégier l’intercompréhension en développant des compétences communicatives. C’est au Canada que l’immersion linguistique est née. Il s’agit d’une situation de formation bilingue où un certain nombre de disciplines non linguistiques sont enseignées dans une autre langue que la langue de scolarisation. Cette approche novatrice de l’enseignement d’une langue étrangère a eu du succès et s’est répandue dans plusieurs pays. Actuellement, en Suisse, l’immersion précoce en allemand au cycle 1 est expérimentée dans les cantons francophones et permet d’initier l’élève à l’allemand dès l’école enfantine. Dans le canton de Neuchâtel, ce projet a débuté il y a quatre ans. Mon travail s’intéresse donc à la façon dont les enseignants conçoivent leurs séquences d’apprentissage pour permettre aux élèves d’acquérir des compétences linguistiques et disciplinaires, tout en sachant que le matériel didactique est limité et que la formation des enseignants n’est pas encore au point

Street Children: A Focus on Dominican Republic (Research Report)

Over 150 million children are living in the streets across the world today (UNICEF, 2006). The Dominican Republic which is case in point is one of the many countries where children’s rights are not being protected, and the public welfare of children is not a priority, particularly in the case of street children, thereby increasing children’s encounter with challenges and exposure to risks. The lack of sufficient data creates a conundrum reflecting how bad this situation currently is, but growing concerns have proven how detrimental the challenge is to both children and the future of the country. Despite these alarming global statistics and deteriorating situations, this problem is still a fairly uncharted territory; this challenge leaves policymakers, governance systems, and communities both responsible and at risk as street children are as vulnerable as they are a threat. This study attempts to assess the current challenges associated with street children in the Dominican Republic, the working plans that are already addressing this challenge, and the areas needed for intervention.https://spiral.lynn.edu/no_existe-dr/1000/thumbnail.jp