Volume 25, Number 1 - February 1947

Volume 25, Number 1 – February 1947. 58 pages including covers and advertisements. Editorial Doherty, R.E. The Beast O\u27Brien, John J. On Coffee Eagle, George L. A Stranger in Strasbourg Shanley, Joseph V. Reflections Doherty, R.E. Thoughts on New York Gnys, Edward L. Chaos Morrison, Coleman On Floorwalkers Eagle, George L. Moment of Vision Deasy, John Living History Fortin, Andrew G. Effects of Studying the Essayists Critiqu

Taking statistical machine translation to the student translator

Despite the growth of statistical machine translation (SMT) research and development in recent years, it remains somewhat out of reach for the translation community where programming expertise and knowledge of statistics tend not to be commonplace. While the concept of SMT is relatively straightforward, its implementation in functioning systems remains difficult for most, regardless of expertise. More recently, however, developments such as SmartMATE have emerged which aim to assist users in creating their own customized SMT systems and thus reduce the learning curve associated with SMT. In addition to commercial uses, translator training stands to benefit from such increased levels of inclusion and access to state-of-the-art approaches to MT. In this paper we draw on experience in developing and evaluating a new syllabus in SMT for a cohort of post-graduate student translators: we identify several issues encountered in the introduction of student translators to SMT, and report on data derived from repeated measures questionnaires that aim to capture data on students’ self-efficacy in the use of SMT. Overall, results show that participants report significant increases in their levels of confidence and knowledge of MT in general, and of SMT in particular. Additional benefits – such as increased technical competence and confidence – and future refinements are also discussed

A family of generalized Horodecki-like entangled states

We provide a multi-parameter family of 2-qudit PPT entangled states which generalizes the celebrated Horodecki state in 3 x 3. The entanglement of this family is identified via semidefinite programming based on "PPT symmetric extensions" by Doherty et al.Comment: 8 page

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-SERVICE OF PROCESS-JURISDICTION OVER NON-RESIDENT ACQUIRED BY SERVICE UPON RESIDENT AGENT

Henry L. Doherty, a non-resident of the State of Iowa, did business within the state under the name of Henry L. Doherty & Co., with a district manager in charge of the office at Des Moines. Under the manager were clerks and salesmen engaged in the business of selling securities. One of these salesmen made an illegal sale to Goodman, and for damages resulting from the transaction Goodman brought suit in 1931, serving in the regular manner in accordance with the provisions of section 11079 of the Iowa Code the district agent at the Des Moines office. Doherty appeared specially to challenge the jurisdiction of the district court, but his special plea was overruled, and on appeal the Supreme Court of Iowa affirmed the judgment of the lower court, relying upon the precedent set in the case of Davidson v. Henry L. Doherty & Co. Thereupon Doherty appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States, contending that the construction placed upon this statute offended sec. 2, Article IV, and sec. 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment, of the Constitution of the United States. The Supreme Court of the United States held that the judgment be affirmed. On the charge that the statute in question infringed the constitutional guarantees cited to the Court, Mr. Justice McReynolds, writing the opinion of the Court, quoted liberally from the Iowa decision in Davidson v. Henry L. Doherty & Co., and, pointing to the circumstance that Doherty had complied with the Iowa securities law in registering and filing his consent to service of process, stated that this fact coupled with the accepted construction of the Iowa service statute did not deprive Doherty of any right guaranteed by the federal Constitution. Flexner v. Farson was put aside as inapplicable because service in that case was not upon the agent of the defendants, as it admittedly was in this case. And finally, the Supreme Court relied upon the analogy of the non-resident motorist service statutes to support its conclusion that, upon the facts of this case, the statute assailed was within the principle of the non-resident motorist decisions. Henry L. Doherty & Co. v. Goodman, (U. S. 1935) 55 Sup. Ct. 553

DOHERTY AMPLIFIER LINEARIZATION BY DIGITAL INJECTION METHODS

Verification of two linearization methods, applied on asymmetrical two-way microstrip Doherty amplifier in experiment and on symmetrical two-way Doherty amplifier in simulation, is performed in this paper. The laboratory set-ups are formed to generate the baseband nonlinear linearization signals of the second-order. After being tuned in magnitude and phase in the digital domain the linearization signals modulate the second harmonics of fundamental carrier. In the first method, adequately processed signals are then inserted at the input and output of the main Doherty amplifier transistor, whereas in the second method, they are injected at the outputs of the Doherty main and auxiliary amplifier transistors. The experimental results are obtained for 64QAM digitally modulated signals. As a proof of concept, the linearization methods are also verified in simulation, for Doherty amplifier designed to work in 5G band below 6 GHz, utilizing 20 MHz LTE signal

Optimisation of a Doherty power amplifier based on dual-input characterisation

The success of the Doherty architecture compared to other efficiency enhancement techniques derives mainly from its simple design and full-RF nature, not requiring complex digital signal processing to achieve high back-off efficiency. In this work we propose a design strategy for the optimisation of a Doherty power amplifier to mitigate the typical practical issues of this architecture related to inaccuracy of the non-linear model and of the manufacturing. The approach is based on the experimental characterisation of a dual-input Doherty prototype without input section. This test structure is obtained from a single-input Doherty amplifier, designed only through non-linear simulations, by removing the input section and allowing for separate control of the two RF inputs. From the collected data, approximated functions for the phase shift and power splitting versus frequency are identified to be realizable in hardware with RF networks. Compared to the reference single-input Doherty stage, a significantly improved behavior is registered in terms of output power (up to 2.7 dB), efficiency at saturation and back-off (30 % and 15 % respectively) and power gain (2 dB)

Design of a 87% fractional bandwidth Doherty Power Amplifier supported by a simplified bandwidth estimation method

This paper presents a novel technique for the design of broadband Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs), supported by a simplified approach for the initial bandwidth estimation that requires linear simulations only. The equivalent impedance of the Doherty inverter is determined by the value of the output capacitance of the power device, and the Doherty combiner is designed following this initial choice and using a microstrip network. A GaN-based single-input DPA designed adopting this method exhibits, on a state-of-the-art bandwidth of 87% (1.5-3.8 GHz), a measured output power of around 20 W with 6 dB back-off efficiency between 33% and 55%, with a gain higher than 10 dB. System-level measurements prove the linearizability of the designed Doherty amplifier when a modulated signal is applied