La question pragmatique dans le contexte des mémoires numériques

Publication acceptée par le comité scientifique du colloque international H2PTM'07 mais pas de conférence faite sur place.International audienceABSTRACT. We question the future of writings confronted to the actual changes in documentary times and spaces, and communities in a production process, constantly renewed and opened, and this in a digital context. We'll choose the question of the semantic Web as a guideline. The aim is to put intellectual and cognitive technologies into perspective, being implemented or at a stage of emergence, in the production and spreading ways of knowledge and learning. These technologies have an influence on the associative and analogical capacities of intelligence, according to various and changeable scales. Transversal approaches, cartographic practices, (not only linguistic) semiotic and semantic data processing will be at the centre of our thinking.RÉSUMÉ. On s'interroge sur l'avenir des écritures face aux transformations en cours dans les espaces-temps documentaires et des communautés d'oeuvre(s) en procès de production, constamment relancées, ouvertes, et ce dans le contexte numérique. On prendra la question du Web sémantique comme repère. Il s'agira de mettre en perspective les technologies intellectuelles et cognitives, à l'œuvre ou en train d'émerger au cœur des modes de production, de circulation des savoirs et des apprentissages. Ces technologies affectent les capacités associationnistes et analogiques des intelligences, selon des niveaux d'échelle variés et variables. Transversalités, pratiques cartographes, « informatique sémantique » et sémiotique non exclusivement linguistique seront au centre de notre réflexion

Le mouvement " Open Data " dans la grande transformation des intelligences collectives et face à la question des écritures, du web sémantique et des ontologies

Cognitive capitalism has two main characteristics, collective intelligence and the intensive use of information technology, based on the digitization of content, procedures and writings. In this paper, we try to examine the Open Data movement faced with the transformation of collective intelligence. We analyze this process in the context of public policy, science, intelligence software. We show how this movement articulates with the issue of semantic web ontologies and with the rise of algorithmic. We emphasize, indirectly but strong, on the emergence of "data mining" as "imperial narrative," as the story of performative societies in the context of anthropological stratum Internet. We outline the possibility of new modes of governance and the emergence of new ways of thinking about politics and public space. The future of democratic societies is partly at stakeLe capitalisme cognitif a deux caractéristiques principales, l'intelligence collective et l'utilisation intensive des technologies de l'information, fondées sur la numérisation du contenu, des procédures et des écritures. Dans cet article, nous essayons d'examiner le mouvement Open Data face à la transformation des intelligences collectives et analysons ce processus dans le cadre de l'action publique, de la science, de l'intelligence logicielle, de la stratégie. Nous montrons comment ce mouvement s'articule avec la question du web sémantique, des ontologies, avec la montée de l'algorithmique. Dans ce cadre, l'émergence du " data mining" se présente comme "récit impérial", comme le récit des sociétés performatives. S'ouvre également la possibilité de nouveaux modes de gouvernance, l'émergence de nouvelles façons de penser le politique et l'espace public

An investigation into the effect of the world wide web on the citation behaviour of Master of Information Studies students at the University of Natal during the period 1996-2002.

Thesis (M.I.S.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.Described as accommodating both traditional and new information spaces (Fourie 2002: 53), the Web has significantly changed the milieu of research and study. The study determined how this changing research and study environment has affected the research behaviour of students in African higher education environments, specifically at the research entry level of master's degree programmes. The study examined both explicit examples of the affect of the Web on students' citation behaviour and tacit influences that may have determined the extent of this affect. Explicit examples of the affect of the Web were drawn from analysing changes in the citation patterns of Master of Information Studies (MIS) theses during a period of access to the Web, and specifically in the years 1996, 1999 and 2002. Tacit influences on students' citation behaviour were inferred from an investigation of the level and nature of MIS supervisors' use and support of the Web for research and of a background study of the facilities, resources and services supporting student access to the Web at the University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg. Findings of this study concluded that the use of the Web medium has grown and in 2002 accounted for 17.5% of all citations included in MIS bibliographies. However use of this medium is disparate with a few bibliographies accounting for much of this growth. Findings indicated that the Web medium was mostly utilised for the delivery of sources that do not meet the traditional description of a scholarly source. The study also found that the Web was used as an alternative medium for the delivery of informal and grey literature sources without necessarily increasing the level of use of these sources. The study revealed greater support for this medium from the masters programme's supervisors than was evidenced from a citation analysis of the bibliographies of theses. Disparities in the support of this medium for research, within the University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg's supporting infrastructure was also observed. Recommendations drawn from these conclusions include the need for greater intervention from teaching faculty, librarians and the institution in the provision of clear guidelines of expectations, relevant instruction and sufficient physical access at points of expertise, to effectively support the use of Web resources

Do citation systems represent theories of truth?

This article suggests that the citation can be viewed not only as a "concept symbol" but also as a "boundary object". The scientific, legal, and patent citation systems in America are examined at the micro, meso, and macro levels in order to understand how they function as commodified theories of truth in contemporary knowledge representation. This approach also offers a meta-theoretical overview of existing citation research efforts in science, law, and technology that may be of interdisciplinary interest