Interference-Free Broadband Single- and Multi-Carrier DS-CDMA

The choice of the direct sequence spreading code in DS-CDMA predetermines the properties of the system. This contribution demonstrates that the family of codes exhibiting an interference-free window (IFW) outperforms classic spreading codes, provided that the interfering multi-user and multipath components arrive within this IFW, which may be ensured with the aid of quasi-synchronous adaptive timing advance control. It is demonstrated that the IFW duration may be extended with the advent of multicarrier DS-CDMA proportionately to the number of subcarriers. Hence, the resultant MC DS-CDMA system is capable of exhibiting nearsingle-user performance without employing a multi-user detector. A limitation of the system is that the number of spreading codes exhibiting a certain IFW is limited, although this problem may be mitigated with the aid of novel code design principles

Time-Hopping Multicarrier Code-Division Multiple-Access

A time-hopping multicarrier code-division multiple-access (TH/MC-CDMA) scheme is proposed and investigated. In the proposed TH/MC-CDMA each information symbol is transmitted by a number of time-domain pulses with each time-domain pulse modulating a subcarrier. The transmitted information at the receiver is extracted from one of the, say $M$, possible time-slot positions, i.e., assuming that $M$-ary pulse position modulation is employed. Specifically, in this contribution we concentrate on the scenarios such as system design, power spectral density (PSD) and single-user based signal detection. The error performance of the TH/MC-CDMA system is investigated, when each subcarrier signal experiences flat Nakagami-$m$ fading in addition to additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). According to our analysis and results, it can be shown that the TH/MC-CDMA signal is capable of providing a near ideal PSD, which is flat over the system bandwidth available, while decreases rapidly beyond that bandwidth. Explicitly, signals having this type of PSD is beneficial to both broadband and ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) communications. Furthermore, our results show that, when optimum user address codes are employed, the single-user detector considered is near-far resistant, provided that the number of users supported by the system is lower than the number of subcarriers used for conveying an information symbol

A Unified Exact BER Performance Analysis of Asynchronous DS-CDMA Systems Using BPSK Modulation over Fading Channels

Abstract—An asynchronous binary DS-CDMA system using random spreading sequences is considered when communicating over various fading channels. New closed-form expressions are derived for the conditional Characteristic Function (CF) of the multiple access interference. A unified analysis is provided for calculating the exact average Bit Error Rate (BER) expressed in the form of a single numerical integration based on the CF approach. The numerical results obtained from our exact BER analysis are verified by our simulation results and are also compared to those obtained by the Standard Gaussian Approximation (SGA), confirming the accuracy of the SGA for most practical conditions, except for high Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR) and for a low number of interferers. Index Terms—BER analysis, CDMA, fading, Rayleigh, Ricean, Hoyt, Nakagami-m, random spreading sequence

Adaptive Space-Time-Spreading-Assisted Wideband CDMA Systems Communicating over Dispersive Nakagami-m Fading Channels

In this contribution, the performance of wideband code-division multiple-access (W-CDMA) systems using space-timespreading-(STS-) based transmit diversity is investigated, when frequency-selective Nakagami-m fading channels, multiuser interference, and background noise are considered. The analysis and numerical results suggest that the achievable diversity order is the product of the frequency-selective diversity order and the transmit diversity order. Furthermore, both the transmit diversity and the frequency-selective diversity have the same order of importance. Since W-CDMA signals are subjected to frequency-selective fading, the number of resolvable paths at the receiver may vary over a wide range depending on the transmission environment encountered. It can be shown that, for wireless channels where the frequency selectivity is sufficiently high, transmit diversity may be not necessitated. Under this case, multiple transmission antennas can be leveraged into an increased bitrate. Therefore, an adaptive STS-based transmission scheme is then proposed for improving the throughput ofW-CDMA systems. Our numerical results demonstrate that this adaptive STS-based transmission scheme is capable of significantly improving the effective throughput of W-CDMA systems. Specifically, the studied W-CDMA system’s bitrate can be increased by a factor of three at the modest cost of requiring an extra 0.4 dB or 1.2 dB transmitted power in the context of the investigated urban or suburban areas, respectively

Performance of Asynchronous MC-CDMA Systems with Maximal Ratio Combining in Frequency-Selective Fading Channels

The bit error rate (BER) performance of the asynchronous uplink channel of multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems with maximal ratio combining (MRC) is analyzed. The study takes into account the effects of channel path correlations in generalized frequency-selective fading channels. Closed-form BER expressions are developed for correlated Nakagami fading channels with arbitrary fading parameters. For channels with correlated Rician fading paths, the BER formula developed is in one-dimensional integration form with finite integration limits, which is also easy to evaluate. The accuracy of the derived BER formulas are verified by computer simulations. The derived BER formulas are also useful in terms of computing other system performance measures such as error floor and user capacity

Analytical BER Performance of DS-CDMA Ad Hoc Networks using Large Area Synchronized Spreading Codes

The family of operational CDMA systems is interference-limited owing to the Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) and the Multiple Access Interference (MAI) encountered. They are interference-limited, because the orthogonality of the spreading codes is typically destroyed by the frequency-selective fading channel and hence complex multiuser detectors have to be used for mitigating these impairments. By contrast, the family of Large Area Synchronous (LAS) codes exhibits an Interference Free Window (IFW), which renders them attractive for employment in cost-efficient quasi-synchronous ad hoc networks dispensing with power control. In this contribution we investigate the performance of LAS DS-CDMA assisted ad hoc networks in the context of a simple infinite mesh of rectilinear node topology and benchmark it against classic DS-CDMA using both random spreading sequences as well as Walsh-Hadamard and Orthogonal Gold codes. It is demonstrated that LAS DS-CDMA exhibits a significantly better performance than the family of classic DS-CDMA systems operating in a quasi-synchronous scenario associated with a high node density, a low number of resolvable paths and a sufficiently high number of RAKE receiver branches

BER Performance Simulation of Generalized MC DS-CDMA System with Time-Limited Blackman Chip Waveform

Multiple access interference encountered in multicarrier direct sequence-code division multiple access (MC DS-CDMA) is the most important difficulty that depends mainly on the correlation properties of the spreading sequences as well as the shape of the chip waveforms employed. In this paper, bit error rate (BER) performance of the generalized MC DS-CDMA system that employs time-limited Blackman chip waveform is presented for Nakagami-m fading channels. Simulation results show that the use of Blackman chip waveform can improve the BER performance of the generalized MC DS-CDMA system, as compared to the performances achieved by using timelimited chip waveforms in the literature

Analysis of Multi-Cell Downlink Cooperation with a Constrained Spatial Model

Multi-cell cooperation (MCC) mitigates intercell interference and improves throughput at the cell edge. This paper considers a cooperative downlink, whereby cell-edge mobiles are served by multiple cooperative base stations. The cooperating base stations transmit identical signals over paths with non-identical path losses, and the receiving mobile performs diversity combining. The analysis in this paper is driven by a new expression for the conditional outage probability when signals arriving over different paths are combined in the presence of noise and interference, where the conditioning is with respect to the network topology and shadowing. The channel model accounts for path loss, shadowing, and Nakagami fading, and the Nakagami fading parameters do not need to be identical for all paths. To study performance over a wide class of network topologies, a random spatial model is adopted, and performance is found by statistically characterizing the rates provided on the downlinks. To model realistic networks, the model requires a minimum separation among base stations. Having adopted a realistic model and an accurate analysis, the paper proceeds to determine performance under several resource-allocation policies and provides insight regarding how the cell edge should be defined.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, IEEE Global Telecommun. Conf. (GLOBECOM), 2013, to appear. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1210.366