Distance-d independent set problems for bipartite and chordal graphs

The paper studies a generalization of the INDEPENDENT SET problem (IS for short). A distance-d independent set for an integer d≥2 in an unweighted graph G=(V,E) is a subset S⊆V of vertices such that for any pair of vertices u,v∈S, the distance between u and v is at least d in G. Given an unweighted graph G and a positive integer k, the DISTANCE-d INDEPENDENT SET problem (D d IS for short) is to decide whether G contains a distance-d independent set S such that |S|≥k. D2IS is identical to the original IS. Thus D2IS is NP-complete even for planar graphs, but it is in P for bipartite graphs and chordal graphs. In this paper we investigate the computational complexity of D d IS, its maximization version MaxD d IS, and its parameterized version ParaD d IS(k), where the parameter is the size of the distance-d independent set: (1) We first prove that for any ε>0 and any fixed integer d≥3, it is NP-hard to approximate MaxD d IS to within a factor of n1/2−ε for bipartite graphs of n vertices, and for any fixed integer d≥3, ParaD d IS(k) is W[1]-hard for bipartite graphs. Then, (2) we prove that for every fixed integer d≥3, D d IS remains NP-complete even for planar bipartite graphs of maximum degree three. Furthermore, (3) we show that if the input graph is restricted to chordal graphs, then D d IS can be solved in polynomial time for any even d≥2, whereas D d IS is NP-complete for any odd d≥3. Also, we show the hardness of approximation of MaxD d IS and the W[1]-hardness of ParaD d IS(k) on chordal graphs for any odd d≥3

TDMA is Optimal for All-unicast DoF Region of TIM if and only if Topology is Chordal Bipartite

The main result of this work is that an orthogonal access scheme such as TDMA achieves the all-unicast degrees of freedom (DoF) region of the topological interference management (TIM) problem if and only if the network topology graph is chordal bipartite, i.e., every cycle that can contain a chord, does contain a chord. The all-unicast DoF region includes the DoF region for any arbitrary choice of a unicast message set, so e.g., the results of Maleki and Jafar on the optimality of orthogonal access for the sum-DoF of one-dimensional convex networks are recovered as a special case. The result is also established for the corresponding topological representation of the index coding problem

On Minimum Maximal Distance-k Matchings

We study the computational complexity of several problems connected with finding a maximal distance-$k$ matching of minimum cardinality or minimum weight in a given graph. We introduce the class of $k$-equimatchable graphs which is an edge analogue of $k$-equipackable graphs. We prove that the recognition of $k$-equimatchable graphs is co-NP-complete for any fixed $k \ge 2$. We provide a simple characterization for the class of strongly chordal graphs with equal $k$-packing and $k$-domination numbers. We also prove that for any fixed integer $\ell \ge 1$ the problem of finding a minimum weight maximal distance-$2\ell$ matching and the problem of finding a minimum weight $(2 \ell - 1)$-independent dominating set cannot be approximated in polynomial time in chordal graphs within a factor of $\delta \ln |V(G)|$ unless $\mathrm{P} = \mathrm{NP}$, where $\delta$ is a fixed constant (thereby improving the NP-hardness result of Chang for the independent domination case). Finally, we show the NP-hardness of the minimum maximal induced matching and independent dominating set problems in large-girth planar graphs.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure

Maximum Weight Independent Sets in Odd-Hole-Free Graphs Without Dart or Without Bull

The Maximum Weight Independent Set (MWIS) Problem on graphs with vertex weights asks for a set of pairwise nonadjacent vertices of maximum total weight. Being one of the most investigated and most important problems on graphs, it is well known to be NP-complete and hard to approximate. The complexity of MWIS is open for hole-free graphs (i.e., graphs without induced subgraphs isomorphic to a chordless cycle of length at least five). By applying clique separator decomposition as well as modular decomposition, we obtain polynomial time solutions of MWIS for odd-hole- and dart-free graphs as well as for odd-hole- and bull-free graphs (dart and bull have five vertices, say $a,b,c,d,e$, and dart has edges $ab,ac,ad,bd,cd,de$, while bull has edges $ab,bc,cd,be,ce$). If the graphs are hole-free instead of odd-hole-free then stronger structural results and better time bounds are obtained