25,325 research outputs found

    In Pursuit of Experience: The Authentic Documentation of Experience in Beat Generation Literature

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    Throughout their lives the authors of The Beat Generation sought an escape from the conformity of mid-century American life, in favour of fresh thrilling experiences to influence their writing. The writers of the Beat Generation developed writing methods that authentically document their real-life experiences. Therefore, this thesis examines the documentary nature of literature that came out of this Generation. The first section of the essay explores Beat literature as memoir; arguing that Kerouac's prose is based on his own first-hand experience recollected after the event. This section also argues that due to its fast pace and lack of revision, the Spontaneous Prose Method can be used by authors as a form suited to the authentic documentation of experience. The second chapter looks at the use of transcription methods to document a moment, or specific event, written during the experience. This chapter compares Gary Snyder's Riprap and Cold Mountain Poems, Ginsberg's 'Wichita Vortex Sutra', and Kerouac's Blues Poems as poetry that authentically portrays a moment of experience to the reader. The final chapter explores the more experimental methods of documentation, and whether any authenticity was lost to experimentation. The chapter also explores the Beat use of drugs on the content and form of the literature

    Comparison of physical fitness between healthy and mild‐to‐moderate asthmatic children with exercise symptoms: A cross‐sectional study

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    .Objective Asthma is a chronic disease that may affect physical fitness, although its primary effects on exercise capacity, muscle strength, functionality and lifestyle, in children and adolescents, are still poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, lifestyle, lung function, and functionality between asthmatics with exercise symptoms and healthy children. In addition, we have analyzed the association between clinical history and the presence of asthma. Study Design Cross-sectional study including 71 patients with a diagnosis of asthma and 71 healthy children and adolescents (7–17 years of age). Anthropometric data, clinical history, disease control, lifestyle (KIDMED and physical activity questionnaires), lung function (spirometry), exercise-induced bronchoconstriction test, aerobic fitness (cardiopulmonary exercise test), muscle strength and functionality (timed up and go; timed up and down stairs) were evaluated. Results Seventy-one patients with asthma (mean age 11.5 ± 2.7) and 71 healthy subjects (mean age 10.7 ± 2.5) were included. All asthmatic children had mild to moderate and stable asthma. EIB occurred in 56.3% of asthmatic children. Lung function was significantly (p < .05) lower in the asthmatic group when compared to healthy peers, as well as the cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, lifestyle and functionality. Moreover, asthmatic children were more likely to have atopic dermatitis, allergic reactions, food allergies, and a family history of asthma when compared to healthy children. Conclusions Children with mild-to-moderate asthma presenting exercise symptoms show a reduction in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, lung function, functionality, and lifestyle when compared to healthy peers. The study provides data for pediatricians to support exercise practice aiming to improve prognosis and quality of life in asthmatic children.S

    Elite perceptions of the Victorian and Edwardian past in inter-war England

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    It is often argued by historians that members of the cultivated Elite after 1918 rejected the pre-war past. or at least subjected it to severe denigration. This thesis sets out to challenge such a view. Above all, it argues that inter-war critics of the Victorian and Edwardian past were unable to reject it even if that was what they felt inclined to do. This was because they were tied to those periods by the affective links of memory, family, and the continually unfolding consequences of the past in the present. Even the severest critics of the pre-war world, such as Lytton Strachey, were less frequently dismissive of history than ambivalent towards it. This ambivalence, it is argued, helped to keep the past alive and often to humanise it. The thesis also explores more positive estimation of Victorian and Edwardian history between the wars. It examines nostalgia for the past, as well as instances of continuity of practice and attitude. It explores the way in which inter-war society drew upon aspects of Victorian and Edwardian history both as illuminating parallels to contemporary affairs and to understand directly why the present was shaped as it was. Again, this testifies to the enduring power of the past after 1918. There are three parts to this thesis. Part One outlines the cultural context in which writers contemplated the Victorian and Edwardian past. Part Two explores some of the ways in which history was written about and used by inter-war society. Part Three examines the ways in which biographical depictions of eminent Victorians after 1918 encouraged emotional negotiation with the pas

    EVALUACIÓN ANALGÉSICA PERIOPERATORIA DEL ACETAMINOFÉN EN PERRAS SOMETIDAS A OVARIOHISTERECTOMÍA ELECTIVA

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    Tesis de doctorado que evalúa el efecto analgésico del acetaminofén en perras ovarihisterectomizadas.La administración de analgésicos antiinflamatorios no esteroidales (AINES) para el control del dolor post-quirúrgico en perros es una práctica común, debido a sus efectos analgésicos, antiinflamatorios y antipiréticos. En el presente trabajo se realizaron dos estudios. En el experimento 1, el objetivo fue evaluar la analgesia post-operatoria del acetaminofén (paracetamol) a través de la utilización de las escalas de reconocimiento clínico del dolor DIVAS (Escala Dinámica e Interactiva Analógica Visual) y UMPS (Escala de la Universidad de Melbourne), en perras sometidas a ovariohisterectomía electiva. Además de valorar la seguridad y eficacia clínica del uso del acetaminofén en perros mediante pruebas de funcionamiento hepático y renal en el post-operatorio inmediato. Para ello, se utilizaron 30 perras de diferentes razas que fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a uno de los tres grupos de tratamiento: acetaminofén [GACET; n=10, 15 mg kg-1 intravenoso (IV)], carprofeno (GCARP; n=10, 4 mg kg-1 IV) y meloxicam (GMELOX; n=10, 0.2 mg kg-1 IV). Todos los tratamientos se administraron 30 minutos antes de la cirugía y posterior a esta durante 48 horas. En este período el acetaminofén se administró por vía oral cada 8 horas (15 mg kg-1); el carprofeno (4 mg kg-1) y el meloxicam (0.1 mg kg-1) se administraron por vía IV cada 24 horas. Durante el postoperatorio, los sistemas de puntuación del dolor DIVAS y UMPS fueron medidos a las 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36 y 48 horas post-cirugía. Para evaluar la seguridad clínica de los tratamientos, se recolectaron muestras de sangre de la vena yugular para realizar la medición de enzimas ALT, AST, ALP, y los metabolitos bilirrubina directa, bilirrubina indirecta, bilirrubina total, creatinina, urea, albúmina y glucosa. Esto fue realizado en T0 (pre-anestesia; TBASAL), 48 y 96 horas después de la cirugía (T48, T96). Los resultados indican que en la evaluación clínica del dolor de todos los grupos de estudio, hubo una reducción gradual en la percepción del mismo durante el postoperatorio en ambos sistemas de puntuación; no obstante, también fue observado que ninguna escala difirió significativamente entre los tres grupos de tratamiento (P>0.05) en cada momento de evaluación durante las 48 horas post-cirugía. En cuanto a los parámetros bioquímico séricos, sólo la ALT aumentó significativamente en T96 en el GACET y GCARP con respecto a los valores basales (P<0.01). El resto de los analitos séricos evaluados se mantuvo en rangos normales. En el experimento 2 bajo el mismo diseño experimental de tratamientos administrados, el objetivo fue evaluar el efecto analgésico perioperatorio del acetaminofén 2 administrado pre y post-quirúrgicamente en perras sometidas a ovariohisterectomía electiva a través de la medición del índice de la actividad del tono parasimpático (PTA). Este parámetro hemodinámico fue medido 60 minutos antes de la cirugía (TBASAL) y durante el transquirúrgico en la aplicación de estímulos nociceptivos: colocación de las pinzas de campo backhouse (TPINZ), incisión de piel y abordaje quirúrgico primario (TINC), ligadura y extracción de pedículo ovárico izquierdo (TOVI) y derecho (TOVD), ligadura y transfixión del cuello uterino (TLIGUT), sección quirúrgica del cuello uterino (TCUT), reconstrucción de peritoneo y planos anatómicos musculares (TMUSC) y sutura de piel (TSUT). Durante el postoperatorio, el índice PTA fue valorado a las 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36 y 48 horas, en los mismos tiempos en que fueron evaluadas las escalas de reconocimiento de dolor DIVAS y UMPS. Los resultados obtenidos en la medición del índice PTA basal para GACET fue 65 ± 8, para GCARP 65 ± 7 y para GMELOX 62 ± 5. Durante los diferentes tiempos transquirúrgicos, los valores promedio de índice PTA indican que GACET (76 ± 14) y GMELOX (72 ± 18) muestran tendencia a manifestar mayores niveles en comparación con GCARP (62 ± 13) desde el inicio del procedimiento quirúrgico sin que esto pudiera comprobarse estadísticamente, ya que no hubo diferencias significativas entre grupos de tratamiento ni entre los tiempos quirúrgicos evaluados (P>0.05). En el postoperatorio, el índice PTA fue de 65 ± 9 en el GACET, 63 ± 8 en el GCARP y 65 ± 8 en el GMELOX. Los resultados tampoco mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con los valores basales o entre los tratamientos (P>0.05). El índice PTA postoperatorio mostró una sensibilidad del 40%, especificidad del 98.46% y valor predictivo negativo del 99.07% con respecto a la escala validada de UMPS. En conclusión, el acetaminofén puede considerarse una herramienta para el tratamiento efectivo del dolor perioperatorio agudo en perros, ya que mostró la misma eficacia clínica que el meloxicam y el carprofeno para la analgesia postquirúrgica en perras sometidas a ovariohisterectomía electiva. Además, la evidencia del uso de este medicamento no condujo a reacciones adversas o cambios en los parámetros evaluados, lo que indica su seguridad clínica. Finalmente, destacar que el índice PTA representa una medición objetiva del comfort y analgesia postoperatoria, por lo que es una herramienta que podría ayudar a predecir las respuestas hemodinámicas asociadas con el dolor

    Towards a sociology of conspiracy theories: An investigation into conspiratorial thinking on Dönmes

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    This thesis investigates the social and political significance of conspiracy theories, which has been an academically neglected topic despite its historical relevance. The academic literature focuses on the methodology, social significance and political impacts of these theories in a secluded manner and lacks empirical analyses. In response, this research provides a comprehensive theoretical framework for conspiracy theories by considering their methodology, political impacts and social significance in the light of empirical data. Theoretically, the thesis uses Adorno's semi-erudition theory along with Girardian approach. It proposes that conspiracy theories are methodologically semi-erudite narratives, i.e. they are biased in favour of a belief and use reason only to prove it. It suggests that conspiracy theories appear in times of power vacuum and provide semi-erudite cognitive maps that relieve alienation and ontological insecurities of people and groups. In so doing, they enforce social control over their audience due to their essentialist, closed-to-interpretation narratives. In order to verify the theory, the study analyses empirically the social and political significance of conspiracy theories about the Dönme community in Turkey. The analysis comprises interviews with conspiracy theorists, conspiracy theory readers and political parties, alongside a frame analysis of the popular conspiracy theory books on Dönmes. These confirm the theoretical framework by showing that the conspiracy theories are fed by the ontological insecurities of Turkish society. Hence, conspiracy theorists, most readers and some political parties respond to their own ontological insecurities and political frustrations through scapegoating Dönmes. Consequently, this work shows that conspiracy theories are important symptoms of society, which, while relieving ontological insecurities, do not provide politically prolific narratives
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