Inclusive design and making in practice: Bringing bodily experience into closer contact with making

This paper develops our understanding of the nature of inclusive design, first through critique of controversies that to some degree downplay inclusive design as a distinct design movement. Attentive of these criticisms we then observe designer-making practices in two cases, which respect individual difference and encourage a more material mode of participation. By bringing the bodily experience of people with (dis)abilities more closely into their own design processes we see positive characteristics and advantage in inclusive design’s closer connections with making. This research advocates the expansion of inclusive design into a more material, inclusive designer-making movement, to acknowledge the universal problem of designing for everyone’s unique difference

PERANCANGAN MULTIPURPOSE WHEELCHAIR

The limitations of the rooms in the hospital may be reasonable, but it will be a problem if this happens at certain times when there is an over the quota of patients such as during an outbreak of Dengue Fever or in the event of a natural disaster. Generally, patients must be willing to sleep on the floor just because of the limitations of the inpatient room and also the bed. To help overcome this problem, especially to help paramedic needs, a multipurpose wheelchair is designed so that in addition to being able to be used as patient transportation, it can also be used as an examination table. The method used to develop the wheelchair starts from an inventory of wheelchair needs, concept development, and selection. The reference used for concept development is a conventional wheelchair while the criteria set for the variety of concepts are the function, operational ease and convenience (wheelchair wear ergonomics). As the central part of the wheelchair, the frame is made of stainless steel pipes. To keep the seating position stable, the swing arm is used as a place to hang the seat on the mainframe. The cross position in the middle of the frame functions to keep the wheelchair symmetrical and can be folded when not in use. Semicircular discs with seven keyholes, each of which is spaced 150, are used as a system for backrest mechanisms to allow them to lie down. The rack and pinion system is used as a mechanism for wheelchair lifting when it is functioned as an examination table. Ergonomics analysis with the help of Catia software using the RULA method, the grand score obtained is 3. So that the design of the wheelchair is quite safe Keywords: Wheelchairs, multipurpose, stable, foldable, rack and pinion and ergonomi

Analysis of healthy sitting behavior: Interface pressure distribution and subcutaneous tissue oxygenation

Pressure ulcers are a large problem in individuals who use a wheelchair for their mobility and have limited trunk stability and motor function. Because no relation between interface pressure and pressure ulcer development has been established and no clinical threshold for pressure ulcer development can be given, looking at the sitting behavior of nondisabled individuals is important. Nondisabled individuals do not develop pressure ulcers because they continuously shift posture. We analyzed the sitting behavior of 25 nondisabled male subjects by using a combination of interface pressure measurement and subcutaneous tissue oxygenation measurement by means of the Oxygen to See. These subjects shifted posture on average 7.8 +/- 5.2 times an hour. These posture shifts were merely a combination of posture shifts in the frontal and sagittal plane. Subcutaneous oxygen saturation increased on average 2.2% with each posture adjustment, indicating a positive effect of posture shifts on tissue viability. The results of this study can be used as a reference for seating interventions aimed at preventing pressure ulcers. Changing the sitting load at least every 8 minutes is recommended for wheelchair users

Biomechanical Model for Evaluation of Pediatric Upper Extremity Joint Dynamics During Wheelchair Mobility

Pediatric manual wheelchair users (MWU) require high joint demands on their upper extremity (UE) during wheelchair mobility, leading them to be at risk of developing pain and pathology. Studies have examined UE biomechanics during wheelchair mobility in the adult population; however, current methods for evaluating UE joint dynamics of pediatric MWU are limited. An inverse dynamics model is proposed to characterize three-dimensional UE joint kinematics and kinetics during pediatric wheelchair mobility using a SmartWheel instrumented handrim system. The bilateral model comprises thorax, clavicle, scapula, upper arm, forearm, and hand segments and includes the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral, elbow and wrist joints. A single 17 year-old male with a C7 spinal cord injury (SCI) was evaluated while propelling his wheelchair across a 15-meter walkway. The subject exhibited wrist extension angles up to 60°, large elbow ranges of motion and peak glenohumeral joint forces up to 10% body weight. Statistically significant asymmetry of the wrist, elbow, glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints was detected by the model. As demonstrated, the custom bilateral UE pediatric model may provide considerable quantitative insight into UE joint dynamics to improve wheelchair prescription, training, rehabilitation and long-term care of children with orthopedic disabilities. Further research is warranted to evaluate pediatric wheelchair mobility in a larger population of children with SCI to investigate correlations to pain, function and transitional changes to adulthood

Overcoming barriers and increasing independence: service robots for elderly and disabled people

This paper discusses the potential for service robots to overcome barriers and increase independence of elderly and disabled people. It includes a brief overview of the existing uses of service robots by disabled and elderly people and advances in technology which will make new uses possible and provides suggestions for some of these new applications. The paper also considers the design and other conditions to be met for user acceptance. It also discusses the complementarity of assistive service robots and personal assistance and considers the types of applications and users for which service robots are and are not suitable

Rejection of yaw disturbance in a two-wheeled wheelchair system

In this paper, a virtual wheelchair (WC) model is developed within Visual Nastran (VN) software environment where the model is further linked with Matlab/Simulink for control purposes. The goal is to have stable two-wheeled WC by transforming the two front wheels (caster) to the upright position. Theoretically, when the two big wheels are fed by the same torque, the WC system will only move in one (x-) direction (with a small forward and backward movement before settlement is achieved). On the other hand, WC in VN produces action-reaction forces in terms of friction between the wheels and the defined ground that lead to small degree of rotation with respect to vertical z- axis, (yaw disturbance). Fuzzy logic control is designed in order to eliminate this unwanted rotation of the wheels during lifting and stabilizing phase. Results show that the unwanted rotation of the wheels is successfully reduced

Design of a lifting platform for people with locomotive disabilities to be used on a Campus Bus Design Studio/INEGI

Páginas numeradas: III-V, 6-86Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Mecânica. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 200

Concept generation and integration of a lifting mechanism on a Campus Bus Design Studio/INEGI

Páginas numeradas: III-V, 6-87Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Mecânica. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 200