GRASP/Ada (Graphical Representations of Algorithms, Structures, and Processes for Ada): The development of a program analysis environment for Ada. Reverse engineering tools for Ada, task 1, phase 2

The study, formulation, and generation of structures for Ada (GRASP/Ada) are discussed in this second phase report of a three phase effort. Various graphical representations that can be extracted or generated from source code are described and categorized with focus on reverse engineering. The overall goal is to provide the foundation for a CASE (computer-aided software design) environment in which reverse engineering and forward engineering (development) are tightly coupled. Emphasis is on a subset of architectural diagrams that can be generated automatically from source code with the control structure diagram (CSD) included for completeness

Typeface Legibility: Towards defining familiarity

The aim of the project is to investigate the influence of fa- miliarity on reading. Three new fonts were created in order to examine the familiarity of fonts that readers could not have seen before. Each of the new fonts contains lowercase letters with fa- miliar and unfamiliar skeleton variations. The different skeleton variations were tested with distance threshold and time thresh- old methods in order to account for differences in visibility. This investigation helped create final typeface designs where the fa- miliar and unfamiliar skeleton variations have roughly similar and good performance. The typefaces were later applied as the test material in the familiarity investigation. Some typographers have proposed that familiarity means the amount of time that a reader has been exposed to a typeface design, while other typographers have proposed that familiarity is the commonalities in letterforms. These two hypotheses were tested by measuring the reading speed and preference of partici- pants, as they read fonts that had either common or uncommon letterforms, the fonts were then re-measured after an exposure period. The results indicate that exposure has an immediate ef- fect on the speed of reading, but that unfamiliar letter features only have an effect of preference and not on reading speed. By combining the craftsmen’s knowledge of designing with the methods of experimental research, the project takes a new step forward towards a better understanding of how different type- faces can influence the reading process

GRASP/Ada: Graphical Representations of Algorithms, Structures, and Processes for Ada. The development of a program analysis environment for Ada: Reverse engineering tools for Ada, task 2, phase 3

The main objective is the investigation, formulation, and generation of graphical representations of algorithms, structures, and processes for Ada (GRASP/Ada). The presented task, in which various graphical representations that can be extracted or generated from source code are described and categorized, is focused on reverse engineering. The following subject areas are covered: the system model; control structure diagram generator; object oriented design diagram generator; user interface; and the GRASP library

Development of preliminary design concept for multifunction display and control system for Orbiter crew station. Task 3: Concept analysis

The access schema developed to access both individual switch functions as well as automated or semiautomated procedures for the orbital maneuvering system and electrical power and distribution and control system discussed and the operation of the system is described. Feasibility tests and analyses used to define display parameters and to select applicable hardware choices for use in such a system are presented and the results are discussed

Wireless Sensor Data Logging System Design

Wireless Sensor Data Logging System Design is a standalone electronic sensor device that captures and stores data through wireless communication. This system comprises two main integrated components; the Radio Frequency module and the Microcontroller based system. The main goal of this project is to design and construct a data logging system that effectively monitors the device's measurement values. In real life applications, most data monitoring system is a passive system. This type of system requires manned guarding on site to manage the devices. Therefore, a standalone data logging system offers a better enhancement system to replace the manned guarding method. The standalone data logger system can be applied by leaving the device alone in any place that requires the measurement of humidity and temperature. These data can be retrieved from EEPROM and transferred to a PC whenever needed by a user. A radio frequency module enables these data travels through wireless transmission medium, whereas the serial communication interface enables communication between the devices and PC. For diverse applications, an alarm system can be implemented if assets and security are the major concerns. The final report presents the development of a data logger system which is an integration of radio frequency module and the microcontroller-based system. The system monitors the device's measurement value via a Graphical User Interface. Basically, the system introduces a RF module to replace the hard wired scheme and produce a dynamic data transmission system. It is geared up with a PICI6F877A microcontroller to drive the outputs besides providing communication between devices and a PC. Overall, the project is the best platform to improve the traditional monitoring system and ignites another innovative invention in the future

Aspects of n-tuple character recognition for a blind reading aid

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University.This thesis reports research conducted into a character recognition system suitable for use in a reading aid for the blind. A brief review of blind reading aids is given, showing the need for a device which is cheap, simple and effective. The structure of a proposed reading aid fulfilling these needs is outlined, with a list of the desired characteristics of each of its subsystems. The remainder of the thesis is concerned with research into just two of these subsystems: the input device and the character recognizer. A detailed review of pattern recognition by the n-tuple method is presented, followed by a description of the experimental techniques used in obtaining real data from a camera system, and in simulating various recognizer structures. The camera system and computer programs developed specifically for the research are described in detail. Several series of experiments are reported, concerned mainly with investigating problems associated directly with the blind reading aid, namely accommodation of multifont printed text and of the tracking errors inherent in data from a hand-held probe. A further series of experiments, aimed at improving the performance of the recognizer within fixed size constraints, i. e., optimisation, has a wider field of application. Finally suggestions are made as to how the recognizer might be implemented in a reading aid, using RAMs, ROMs, or PLAs as the main storage elements.Science Research Counci

A separability index for clustering and classification problems with applications to cluster merging and systematic evaluation of clustering algorithms

A separability index quantifying the degree of difficulty in a hard clustering problem is proposed under assumptions of a multivariate Gaussian distribution for each group. We first define a preliminary index and explore its properties both theoretically and numerically. Adjustments are then made to this index so that the final refinement is also interpretable in terms of the Adjusted Rand Index between a true grouping and its hypothetical idealized clustering, taken as a surrogate of clustering complexity. Our derived index is used to develop a data-simulation algorithm that generates samples according to the prescribed value of the index. This algorithm is particularly useful for systematically generating datasets with varying degrees of clustering difficulty which we use to evaluate performance of different clustering algorithms. The index is also shown to be useful in providing a summary of the distinctiveness of classes in grouped datasets

A complete document analysis anda recognition system for GNU/Linux

Os motores de Reconhecimento Óptico de Caracteres (OCR) comuns simples­ mente "lêm" uma imagem não considerando a sua estrutura ou formatação. A formatação de um documento é um assunto muito importante na compreensão de um documento. Assim, o uso de motores de OCR não é suficiente para converter fielmente uma imagem de um documento para um formato electrónico. A Análise e Reconhecimento de Documentos (DAR) engloba a tarefa de reconhecer a estrutura de um documento o que, combinado com um motor de OCR, pode resultar numa conversão fiel de um documento para um formato editável. Estes sistemas existem como aplicações comerciais sem uma verdadeira equivalência em Software Livre actualmente e não estão disponíveis para o sistema operativo GNU/Linux. O trabalho descrito neste relatório tenta responder a este problema ao oferecer uma solução que combina componentes de Software Livre e sendo comparável, mesmo na sua fase inicial, a soluções comerciais disponíveis. /ABSTRACT; Regular OCR engines simply "read" an image not considering its structure or layout. A document's layout is a very important matter in the understanding of a document. Hence, using OCR engines is not enough to fairly convert an image of a document to an editable format. Document Analysis and Recognition (DAR) encompasses the task of recognizing a document's structure which combined with an OCR engine can result in a fair conversion of a document to an editable format. Such systems exist as commercial applications with no real equivalence in Free Software nowadays and are not available for the GNU/Linux operating system. The work described in this report attempts to answer this problem by offering a solution combining only Free Software components and being comparable, even in its early stage, to available commercial solutions

Image recognition using the Eigenpicture Technique (with specific applications in face recognition and optical character recognition)

Includes bibliographical references.In the first part of this dissertation, we present a detailed description of the eigenface technique first proposed by Sirovich and Kirby and subsequently developed by several groups, most notably the Media Lab at MIT. Other significant contributions have been made by Rockefeller University, whose ideas have culminated in a commercial system known as Faceit. For a different techniques (i.e. not eigenfaces) and a detailed comparison of some other techniques, the reader is referred to [5]. Although we followed ideas in the open literature (we believe there that there is a large body of advanced proprietary knowledge, which remains inaccessible), the implementation is our own. In addition, we believe that the method for updating the eigenfaces to deal with badly represented images presented in section 2. 7 is our own. The next stage in this section would be to develop an experimental system that can be extensively tested. At this point however, another, nonscientific difficulty arises, that of developing an adequately large data base. The basic problem is that one needs a training set representative of all faces to be encountered in future. Note that this does not mean that one can only deal with faces in the database, the whole idea is to be able to work with any facial image. However, a data base is only representative if it contains images similar to anything that can be encountered in future. For this reason a representative database may be very large and is not easy to build. In addition for testing purposes one needs multiple images of a large number of people, acquired over a period of time under different physical conditions representing the typical variations encountered in practice. Obviously this is a very slow process. Potentially the variation between the faces in the database can be large suggesting that the representation of all these different images in terms of eigenfaces may not be particularly efficient. One idea is to separate all the facial images into different, more or less homogeneous classes. Again this can only be done with access to a sufficiently large database, probably consisting of several thousand faces