108 research outputs found

    Publicación de datos abiertos enlazados: revisión sistemática de la literatura para identificar problemas y herramientas técnicas de apoyo al proceso

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    On the Internet, we find a large amount of information from government institutions that has been published in open format. However, only a part of these data is available in standard formats such as Resource Description Framework (RDF), and to a lesser extent, is published as Linked Open Data (LOD). The main objective of the research presented in this paper is to identify problems and tools used in the process of publishing LOD with the purpose of establishing a basis for the construction of a future framework that will help public institutions to facilitate such processes. To fulfill the objective, we conducted a systematic literature review in order to assess the state-of-the-art in this matter. The contribution of this work is to identify the frequent problems that arise in the LOD publishing process. It also provides a detail of the frameworks proposed in scientific papers grouping the technical tools by phases that correspond to the LOD publication life cycle. In addition, it compiles the characteristics of the ETL (Extract-Transform-Load) tools that predominate in this review, such as Pentaho Data Integration (Kettle) and OpenRefine.En Internet encontramos una gran cantidad de información procedente de instituciones de gobierno que se ha publicado en formato abierto. Sin embargo, sólo una parte de estos datos está disponible en formatos estándar como Resource Description Framework (RDF) y, en menor medida, se publican como Linked Open Data (LOD). El objetivo principal de la investigación presentada en esta publicación es identificar los problemas y las herramientas utilizadas en el proceso de publicación de LOD con el fin de establecer una base para la construcción de un futuro marco que ayude a las instituciones públicas a facilitar dichos procesos. Para cumplir con el objetivo, realizamos una revisión sistemática de la literatura con el fin de evaluar el estado del arte en la materia. La contribución de este trabajo es identificar los problemas frecuentes que surgen en el proceso de publicación de LOD. También proporciona un detalle de los marcos propuestos en artículos científicos agrupando las herramientas técnicas por fases que corresponden al ciclo de vida de la publicación LOD. Además, recopila las características de las herramientas ETL (Extract-Transform-Load) que predominan en esta revisión, como Pentaho Data Integration (Kettle) y OpenRefine.Facultad de Informátic

    Develop an ontology for pavement lifecycle management

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    Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Philadelphia-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms.

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    Philadelphia-negative (Ph-) myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of hematopoietic malignancies identified by clonal proliferation of blood cell lineages and encompasses polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The clinical and laboratory features of Philadelphia-negative MPNs are similar, making them difficult to diagnose, especially in the preliminary stages. Because treatment goals and progression risk differ amongst MPNs, accurate classification and prognostication are critical for optimal management. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms provide a plethora of possible tools to clinicians in general, and particularly in the field of malignant hematology, to better improve diagnosis, prognosis, therapy planning, and fundamental knowledge. In this review, we summarize the literature discussing the application of AI and ML algorithms in patients with diagnosed or suspected Philadelphia-negative MPNs. A literature search was conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and yielded 125 studies, out of which 17 studies were included after screening. The included studies demonstrated the potential for the practical use of ML and AI in the diagnosis, prognosis, and genomic landscaping of patients with Philadelphia-negative MPNs

    Applications of evidence synthesis in chemical health risk assessment

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    This thesis aimed to combine all available evidence within and across evidence streams, i.e. evidence synthesis, to strengthen chemical risk assessment. The evidence considered was published data of the following evidence streams: epidemiologic studies, molecular epidemiology studies, animal studies and mechanistic assays. For the purpose of evidence synthesis, advanced statistical and biological informed tools and approaches were used including meta-analysis, meta-regression, text mining, systematic reviews, systems biology, physiological based kinetic (PBK) models, and Bayesian inference. Most work performed in this thesis is on two exemplary data rich chemicals: benzene and diisocyanates. The case-studies of this thesis illustrate that human biomonitoring studies can be a valuable source of information for both enhancing exposure assessment and hazard characterization. Tooling such as text mining and network visualization tools can help to make evidence identification for hazard identification more efficient. And evidence from human (epidemiology and biomonitoring) and animal studies can also be combined together, but this does require a large number of assumptions. The chapters in this thesis demonstrate that a wide range of interdisciplinary approaches are required to be able to integrate data, for it to become optimally useful for chemical risk assessment. The methods and tooling in this thesis are mostly applied to chemicals for which a large amount of data is known. In the Discussion chapter of this thesis, suggestions are given for approaches that can be used for chemicals for which only little information is known, possibly in conjunction with the new scientific approaches described in the other Chapters of this Thesis

    Blood based biomarkers for the identification of Alzheimer’s disease using proteomics approaches

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    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterised by dysregulation of various cellular and molecular processes. Apart from environmental and lifestyle effects, genetic variations of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene plays a significant role in AD risk and progression, but these factors are poorly understood from a mechanistic perspective. In chapter 2, a meta-analysis of blood and CSF biomarkers of AD was performed, noting that the range of biomarkers studied has been restricted to a handful of classical proteins (Aβ and tau) and heavily focused on CSF. Still, more research is needed to establish robust blood tests to complement CSF or imaging tests for non-invasive testing options. Mass spectrometry significantly outperforms conventional antibody-based approaches such as ELISA and western blotting in specificity and quantification of low abundant proteins. Plasma proteomics has historically been limited by the lack of throughput and sensitivity, owing mainly to the complexity of the plasma samples. In chapter 3, I have developed a method for determining the fractionation strategy that provides in-depth plasma proteome coverage identifying 4,385 total proteins. This work demonstrates that simpler and faster approaches can provide substantial proteome coverage in conventional biochemistry laboratories. In chapter 4, I performed label-free proteomics analysis on plasma samples from clinical cohorts, using the newly developed fractionation method. Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses of normal ageing and ageing with progression to MCI and AD were performed, based on plasma proteomic changes in the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study cohort. A replication cohort was used in chapter 5, the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle study, which also included APOE e3 and e4 allele carriers. This additional information facilitated plasma proteome profiling to understand the impact of APOE e3 and APOE e4 carriers on AD dementia. Apart from comparing the effect of APOE genotypes on the AD proteome, I have confirmed a panel of reliable AD biomarkers that are consistently changing in both cohorts. In conclusion, I have successfully developed and applied MS-based fractionation methods for in-depth plasma proteome coverage of age, cognition and disease-related changes. Finally, a list of 44 plasma biomarkers consistently dysregulated in both AD cohorts presents a promising foundation for future clinical studies

    Anti-aging Nutrients with Health Beneficial Effects

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    Recently, many kinds of foods and food-derived nutrients have been reported to show health-beneficial effects. In particular, some foods and food-derived nutrients have shown anti-aging effects on several organs and tissues, such as brain, muscle, skin, intestine, and so on. In some kinds of foods, the molecular basis of their functionalities (e.g., anti-brain aging, anti-sarcopenia, and anti-skin aging) and inter-tissue networks activated by these foods mediated by exosomes, cytokines, and immune cells have been clarified in detail

    An ecosystem inspired framework for digital government transformation

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    Traditional e-government and Digital Government Transformation (DGT) initiatives are often focused on technology transformation and business-IT alignment with the attempt to make government more efficient, transparent and easier to operate within. However, billions of public funding has been spent on those initiatives with very few anticipated benefits yielded. This thesis asserts that DGT will bring about true government transformation when business, people and culture are considered together. Many existing business/industry frameworks, architectures and best practices in the literature for DGT projects address only one or two of those dimensions. To focus on the development and delivery of transformational changes in DGT initiatives, this thesis will propose a solution framework for an integrative approach that brings about business transformation, technology transformation, with people-stakeholder-leadership oriented cultural transformation to form a holistic methodology framework for DGT that is beyond technology alone and will illuminate the road to success in DGT executions. This thesis will provide an ecosystem inspired framework together with tools and maturity model framework to guide a government-wide successful execution of the DGT journey that is iterative, measurable and with consideration of all aspects of business, technology and people. This thesis will approach DGT journeys by: 1. Implementing of a holistic framework to guide the DGT; 2. Considering people and culture for an effective DGT; 3. Providing an integrated approach that can bring innovative knowledge and cultural transformation together with the technology transformation; and by 4. Providing a measurement framework and metrics to guide the maturity of DGT projects. This thesis will be evaluated through four case studies including public sector, the defence force, and health ecosystems and is aimed at supporting public entities for better utilisation of resources, modernising operations, displaying better use of public funds, keeping trust high, saving time, offering fast learning, and better engagement and services for its stakeholders both internally and externally

    Biofuels and Sustainability

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    This open access book presents a comprehensive analysis of biofuel use strategies from an interdisciplinary perspective using sustainability science. This interdisciplinary perspective (social science-natural science) means that the strategies and policy options proposed will have significant impacts on the economy and society alike. Biofuels are expected to contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, revitalizing economies in agricultural communities and alleviating poverty. However, despite these anticipated benefits, international organizations such as the FAO, OECD and UN have published reports expressing concerns that biofuel promotion may lead to deforestation, water pollution and water shortages. The impacts of biofuel use are extensive, cross-sectoral and complex, and as such, comprehensive analyses are required in order to assess the extent to which biofuels can contribute to sustainable societies. Applying interdisciplinary sustainability science concepts and methodologies, the book helps to enhance the establishment of a sustainable society as well as the development of appropriate responses to a global need for urgent action on current issues related to biofuels
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