Technology-Enhanced Practice for Patients with Chronic Cardiac Disease: Home Implementation and Evaluation

Objective: This 3-year field experiment engaged 60 nurses and 282 patients in the design and evaluation of an innovative home-care nursing model, referred to as technology-enhanced practice (TEP). Methods: Nurses using TEP augmented the usual care with a web-based resource (HeartCareII) that provided patients with self-management information, self-monitoring tools, and messaging services. Results: Patients exposed to TEP demonstrated better quality of life and self-management of chronic heart disease during the first 4 weeks, and were no more likely than patients in usual care to make unplanned visits to a clinician or hospital. Both groups demonstrated the same long-term symptom management and achievements in health status. Conclusion: This project provides new evidence that the purposeful creation of patient-tailored web resources within a hospital portal is possible; that nurses have difficulty with modifying their practice routines, even with a highly-tailored web resource; and that the benefits of this intervention are more discernable in the early postdischarge stages of care

Norton Healthcare: A Strong Payer-Provider Partnership for the Journey to Accountable Care

Examines the progress of an integrated healthcare delivery system in forming an accountable care organization with payer partners as part of the Brookings-Dartmouth ACO Pilot Program, including a focus on performance measurement and reporting

The impact of community-based, nurse-supported heart failure management on self-care behaviour, psychosocial and clinical outcomes

This thesis investigated the effects of two models of community-based, nurse-led chronic heart failure (CHF) care. Study 1 evaluated a nurse practitioner-led clinic, which provided support to patients with CHF, compared with a control group. Study 2 was a randomised controlled trial of a nurse-supported telemonitoring intervention for patients with CHF. We found that community-based, nurse-led models of care improved self-managementr in patients with CHF with telemonitoring found to be a valuable adjunct to conventional CHF care

Feasibility Study of the Health Empowerment Intervention to Evaluate the Effect on Self-Management, Functional Health, and Well-Being in Older Adults with Heart Failure

abstract: ABSTRACT The population of older adults in the United States is growing disproportionately, with corresponding medical, social and economic implications. The number of Americans 65 years and older constitutes 13.7% of the U.S. population, and is expected to grow to 21% by 2040. As the adults age, they are at risk for developing chronic illness and disability. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 5.7 million Americans have heart failure, and almost 80% of these are 65 years and older. The prevalence of heart failure will increase with the increase in aging population, thus increasing the costs associated with heart failure from 34.7 billion dollars in 2010 to 77.7 billion dollars by 2020. Of all cardiovascular hospitalizations, 28.9% are due to heart failure, and almost 60,000 deaths are accounted for heart failure. Marked disparities in heart failure persist within and between population subgroups. Living with heart failure is challenging for older adults, because being a chronic condition, the responsibility of day to day management of heart failure principally rests with patient. Approaches to improve self-management are targeted at adherence, compliance, and physiologic variables, little attention has been paid to personal and social contextual resources of older adults, crucial for decision making, and purposeful participation in goal attainment, representing a critical area for intervention. Several strategies based on empowerment perspective are focused on outcomes; paying less attention to the process. To address these gaps between research and practice, this feasibility study was guided by a tested theory, the Theory of Health Empowerment, to optimize self-management, functional health and well-being in older adults with heart failure. The study sample included older adults with heart failure attending senior centers. Specific aims of this feasibility study were to: (a) examine the feasibility of the Health Empowerment Intervention in older adults with heart failure, (b) evaluate the effect of the health empowerment intervention on self-management, functional health, and well-being among older adults with heart failure. The Health Empowerment Intervention was delivered focusing on strategies to identify and building upon self-capacity, and supportive social network, informed decision making and goal setting, and purposefully participating in the attainment of personal health goals for well-being. Study was feasible and significantly increased personal growth, and purposeful participation in the attainment of personal health goals.Dissertation/ThesisDoctoral Dissertation Nursing and Healthcare Innovation 201

Feasibility Study of the Health Empowerment Intervention to Evaluate the Effect on Self-Management, Functional Health, and Well-Being in Older Adults with Heart Failure

abstract: ABSTRACT The population of older adults in the United States is growing disproportionately, with corresponding medical, social and economic implications. The number of Americans 65 years and older constitutes 13.7% of the U.S. population, and is expected to grow to 21% by 2040. As the adults age, they are at risk for developing chronic illness and disability. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 5.7 million Americans have heart failure, and almost 80% of these are 65 years and older. The prevalence of heart failure will increase with the increase in aging population, thus increasing the costs associated with heart failure from 34.7 billion dollars in 2010 to 77.7 billion dollars by 2020. Of all cardiovascular hospitalizations, 28.9% are due to heart failure, and almost 60,000 deaths are accounted for heart failure. Marked disparities in heart failure persist within and between population subgroups. Living with heart failure is challenging for older adults, because being a chronic condition, the responsibility of day to day management of heart failure principally rests with patient. Approaches to improve self-management are targeted at adherence, compliance, and physiologic variables, little attention has been paid to personal and social contextual resources of older adults, crucial for decision making, and purposeful participation in goal attainment, representing a critical area for intervention. Several strategies based on empowerment perspective are focused on outcomes; paying less attention to the process. To address these gaps between research and practice, this feasibility study was guided by a tested theory, the Theory of Health Empowerment, to optimize self-management, functional health and well-being in older adults with heart failure. The study sample included older adults with heart failure attending senior centers. Specific aims of this feasibility study were to: (a) examine the feasibility of the Health Empowerment Intervention in older adults with heart failure, (b) evaluate the effect of the health empowerment intervention on self-management, functional health, and well-being among older adults with heart failure. The Health Empowerment Intervention was delivered focusing on strategies to identify and building upon self-capacity, and supportive social network, informed decision making and goal setting, and purposefully participating in the attainment of personal health goals for well-being. Study was feasible and significantly increased personal growth, and purposeful participation in the attainment of personal health goals.Dissertation/ThesisDoctoral Dissertation Nursing and Healthcare Innovation 201

Evidence for funding, organising and delivering health care services targeting secondary prevention and management of chronic conditions. CHERE Working Paper 2009/6

This paper is designed as an issues paper. Its aim is to set out what evidence is available regarding the effectiveness and efficiency of funding, organisation and delivery of services directed at preventing and managing chronic conditions, and identify what further information is required. The latter will then be used as a means of identifying gaps in information which can be addressed by research. The information is not presented as a comprehensive review of all available evidence but as a preliminary scoping of the results of the most recent literature.chronic conditions, prevention, funding

Maximizing Quality and Value in Medicaid: Using Return on Investment Forecasting to Support Effective Policymaking

Outlines how forecasting the return on investment of quality measures enhances the efficient allocation of resources, adoption of evidence-based policies, and payment reform. Presents examples from states in an ROI Forecasting Calculator pilot program

Reducing Heart Failure in an Era of Reform

Heart failure (HF) affects an estimated 5 million Americans, with 550,000 new patients diagnosed yearly (American Heart Association, 2004). Despite advancements, readmissions for HF remain high. Management is especially important due to recent legislation that penalizes hospitals with excessive readmissions. The purpose of this evidence-based project (EBP) was to determine if a chronic disease HF management program with advance practice nurse, home care, and telehealth would affect hospital readmission 4 weeks post-discharge. Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory and the Iowa Model guided this system change. The project used a longitudinal experimental pre- and post-test design with convenience sample from two hospitals in the Midwest. An algorithm guided the EBP that began while hospitalized and continued 30 days. The Self-Care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI) was administered pre- and post-intervention to measure changes in self-care. Descriptive statistics were compared to a chart audit of patients with HF utilizing homecare and telehealth in 2011. Paired-samples t test were used to compare the mean pre- and post-test scores in all SCHFI domains. Mean maintenance pre-test scores (M = 56.43; SD = 27.77) and post-test scores (M = 89.01;SD = 6.88) were significantly different; (t (13) = -4.415, p \u3c .001). Mean pre-testmanagement scores (M = 25.00; SD = 13.22) and post-test scores (M = 73.33; SD =25.16) were significantly different (t (2) = -6.653, p \u3c .02). Mean confidence pre-test scores (M = 88.14; SD= 19.76) and post-test scores (M = 100; SD = .00) were significantly different (t (13) = -2.245. p \u3c .04). There were no readmissions in the EBP participants compared to 2 (16%) readmissions in 2011. The implementation of the evidence-based HF chronic disease management program resulted in improved self-care and reduced readmissions. Replication of this EBP has been adopted by the Project Coordinator\u27s (PC) institution

Evaluación de la efectividad de las intervenciones de coordinación de la atención diseñadas e implementadas a través de un proceso de investigación acción participativa: lecciones aprendidas de un estudio cuasi-experimental en redes públicas de salud en América Latina

Antecedentes: a pesar de las crecientes recomendaciones para que los profesionales de la salud participen en el diseño y la implementación de intervenciones para efectuar cambios en la práctica clínica, se sabe poco sobre la efectividad de esta estrategia. Este estudio analiza la efectividad de las intervenciones diseñadas e implementadas a través de procesos de investigación acción participativa (PAR) en redes de salud de Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México y Uruguay para mejorar la coordinación clínica entre los niveles de atención y ofrece recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones. Métodos: El estudio fue cuasi-experimental. En cada país se seleccionaron dos redes comparables, una de intervención (IN) y otra de control (CN). Se realizaron encuestas de línea de base (2015) y de evaluación (2017) a una muestra de médicos de atención primaria y secundaria (174 médicos/red/año) mediante el cuestionario COORDENA®. La mayoría de las intervenciones elegidas se basaron en reuniones conjuntas, promoviendo el acuerdo clínico entre niveles y la comunicación para el seguimiento de los pacientes. Las variables de resultado fueron: a) intermedias: factores interaccionales y organizacionales; b) distal: experiencia de coordinación de información clínica transversal, de coordinación de gestión clínica y percepción general de coordinación entre niveles. Se estimaron modelos de regresión de Poisson. Resultados: Se observó un aumento estadísticamente significativo en algunos de los factores interaccionales (resultados intermedios) -conocimiento personal y confianza mutua- en los IN de Brasil y Chile; y en algunos factores organizacionales -apoyo institucional- en Colombia y México. En comparación con los CN en 2017, los IN de Brasil, Chile, Colombia y México mostraron diferencias significativas en algunos factores. En los resultados distales, los ítems de consistencia asistencial mejoraron en los IN de Brasil, Colombia y Uruguay; y mejoró el seguimiento de los pacientes en Chile y México. Se incrementó la percepción general de coordinación clínica en los IN de Brasil, Colombia y México. En comparación con los CN en 2017, solo Brasil mostró diferencias significativas. Conclusiones: aunque se necesita más investigación, los resultados muestran que las intervenciones basadas en PAR mejoraron algunos resultados con respecto a la coordinación clínica a nivel de red, con diferencias entre países. Sin embargo, un proceso PAR es, por definición, lento y gradual, y se necesitan períodos de implementación más prolongados para lograr una mayor penetración y cambios cuantificables. La naturaleza participativa y flexible de las intervenciones desarrolladas a través de los procesos PAR plantea desafíos metodológicos (como definir los resultados o asignar a las personas a diferentes grupos por adelantado) y requiere un enfoque integral de métodos mixtos que evalúe simultáneamente la efectividad y el proceso de implementación para comprender mejor sus resultados.Background: Despite increasing recommendations for health professionals to participate in intervention design and implementation to effect changes in clinical practice, little is known about this strategy’s effectiveness. This study analyses the effectiveness of interventions designed and implemented through participatory action research (PAR) processes in healthcare networks of Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Uruguay to improve clinical coordination across care levels, and offers recommendations for future research. Methods: The study was quasi-experimental. Two comparable networks, one intervention (IN) and one control (CN), were selected in each country. Baseline (2015) and evaluation (2017) surveys of a sample of primary and secondary care doctors (174 doctors/network/year) were conducted using the COORDENA® questionnaire. Most of the interventions chosen were based on joint meetings, promoting cross-level clinical agreement and communication for patient follow-up. Outcome variables were: a) intermediate: interactional and organizational factors; b) distal: experience of cross-level clinical information coordination, of clinical management coordination and general perception of coordination between levels. Poisson regression models were estimated. Results: A statistically significant increase in some of the interactional factors (intermediate outcomes) -knowing each other personally and mutual trust- was observed in Brazil and Chile INs; and in some organizational factors -institutional support- in Colombia and Mexico. Compared to CNs in 2017, INs of Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico showed significant differences in some factors. In distal outcomes, care consistency items improved in Brazil, Colombia and Uruguay INs; and patient follow-up improved in Chile and Mexico. General perception of clinical coordination increased in Brazil, Colombia and Mexico INs. Compared to CNs in 2017, only Brazil showed significant differences. Conclusions: Although more research is needed, results show that PAR-based interventions improved some outcomes regarding clinical coordination at network level, with differences between countries. However, a PAR process is, by definition, slow and gradual, and longer implementation periods are needed to achieve greater penetration and quantifiable changes. The participatory and flexible nature of interventions developed through PAR processes poses methodological challenges (such as defining outcomes or allocating individuals to different groups in advance), and requires a comprehensive mixed-methods approach that simultaneously evaluates effectiveness and the implementation process to better understand its outcomes