4 research outputs found
Design of Energy Efficient Power Amplifier for 4G User Terminals.
yesThis paper describes the characterization and design of
energy efficient user terminal transceiver power amplifier. To
reduce the design of bulky external circuitry, the load modulation
technique is employed. The design core is based on the
combination of Class B and Class C that includes quarter
wavelength transformer at the output to perform the load
modulation. The handset transceiver for this power amplifier is
designed to operate over the frequency range of 3.4GHz to
3.6GHz mobile WiMAX band. The performances of the load
modulation amplifier are compared with conventional Class B
amplifier. The results of 30dBm output power and 53% power
added efficiency are achieved
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Energy efficient radio frequency system design for mobile WiMax applications. Modelling, optimisation and measurement of radio frequency power amplifier covering WiMax bandwidth based on the combination of class AB, class B, and C operations.
In today´s digital world, information and communication technology accounts for 3%
and 2% of the global power consumption and CO2 emissions respectively. This
alarming figure is on an upward trend, as future telecommunications systems and
handsets will become even more power hungry since new services with higher
bandwidth requirements emerge as part of the so called ¿future internet¿ paradigm. In
addition, the mobile handset industry is tightly coupled to the consumer need for more
sophisticated handsets with greater battery lifetime. If we cannot make any significant
step to reducing the energy gap between the power hungry requirements of future
handsets, and what battery technology can deliver, then market penetration for 4G
handsets can be at risk. Therefore, energy conservation must be a design objective at the
forefront of any system design from the network layer, to the physical and the
microelectronic counterparts. In fact, the energy distribution of a handset device is
dominated by the energy consumption of the RF hardware, and in particular the power
amplifier design. Power amplifier design is a traditional topic that addresses the design
challenge of how to obtain a trade-off between linearity and efficiency in order to avoid
the introduction of signal distortion, whilst making best use of the available power
resources for amplification. However, the present work goes beyond this by
investigating a new line of amplifiers that address the green initiatives, namely green
power amplifiers. This research work explores how to use the Doherty technique to
promote efficiency enhancement and thus energy saving. Five different topologies of
RF power amplifiers have been designed with custom-made signal splitters. The design
core of the Doherty technique is based on the combination of a class B, class AB and a
class C power amplifier working in synergy; which includes 90-degree 2-way power
splitter at the input, quarter wavelength transformer at the output, and a new output
power combiner. The frequency range for the amplifiers was designed to operate in the
3.4 - 3.6 GHz frequency band of Europe mobile WiMAX. The experimental results
show that 30dBm output power can be achieved with 67% power added efficiency
(PAE) for the user terminal, and 45dBm with 66% power added efficiency (PAE) for
base stations which marks a 14% and 11% respective improvement over current stateof-
the-art, while meeting the power output requirements for mobile WiMAX
applications
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Design and Linearization of Energy Efficiency Power Amplifier in Nonlinear OFDM Transmitter for LTE-5G Applications. Simulation and measurements of energy efficiency power amplifier in the presence of nonlinear OFDM transmitter system and digital predistortion based on Hammerstein-Wiener method
This research work has made an effort to understand a novel line of radio frequency
power amplifiers (RFPAs) that address initiatives for efficiency enhancement and
linearity compensation to harmonize the fifth generation (5G) campaign. The objective
is to enhance the performance of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-long
term evolution (OFDM-LTE) transmitter by reducing the nonlinear distortion of the
RFPA.
The first part of this work explores the design and implementation of 15.5 W class AB
RF power amplifier, adopting a balanced technique to stimulate efficiency enhancement
and redeeming exhibition of excessive power in the transmitter. Consequently, this work
goes beyond improving efficiency over a linear RF power amplifier design; in which a
comprehensive investigation on the fundamental and harmonic components of class F
RF power amplifier using a load-pull approach to realise an optimum load impedance
and the matching network is presented. The frequency bandwidth for both amplifiers was
allocated to operate in the 2.620-2.690 GHz of mobile LTE applications.
The second part explores the development of the behavioural model for the class AB
power amplifier. A particular novel, Hammerstein-Wiener based model is proposed to
describe the dynamic nonlinear behaviour of the power amplifier. The RF power amplifier
nonlinear distortion is approximated using a new linear parameter approximation
approach. The first and second-order Hammerstein-Wiener using the Normalised Least
Mean Square Error (NLMSE) algorithm is used with the aim of easing the complexity of
filtering process during linear memory cancellation. Moreover, an enhanced adaptive
Wiener model is proposed to explore the nonlinear memory effect in the system. The
proposed approach is able to balance between convergence speed and high-level
accuracy when compared with behavioural modelling algorithms that are more complex
in computation.
Finally, the adaptive predistorter technique is implemented and verified in the OFDM
transceiver test-bed. The results were compared against the computed one from
MATLAB simulation for OFDM and 5G modulation transmitters. The results have
confirmed the reliability of the model and the effectiveness of the proposed predistorter.Fundacão para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal, under
European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme ... grant agreement H2020-MSCA-ITN- 2016 SECRET-722424
I also acknowledge the role of the National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA)
Sokoto State Government
Petroleum Technology Trust Fund (PTDF