59,031 research outputs found
IRA Design Issues and Challenges
The internal revenue allotment or IRA is one type of central government transfers to local government units (LGUs) meant to help in correcting for the imbalance in the revenue-raising capacities and expenditure needs of various LGUs. However, there are issues in the design of the IRA in the Philippines that need to be addressed if it is to serve as an effective instrument in solving said imbalance. This Policy Notes looks into these in detail.local government unit, internal revenue allotment
Space Station Engineering Design Issues
Space Station Freedom topics addressed include: general design issues; issues related to utilization and operations; issues related to systems requirements and design; and management issues relevant to design
Interaction design issues for car navigation systems
We describe a study on the interaction design of in-car
navigation systems. It focused on a commercial
product. Critical incident analysis was performed
based on natural use of the system by a usability
analyst. A cognitive walkthrough was then performed
based on actual scenarios from the natural use. This
is a non-classic application of cognitive walkthrough.
It allowed anecdotal critical incidents to be
theoretically grounded. We draw conclusions about
the interaction design of car navigation systems
Diagnostic systems in DEMO: engineering design issues
The diagnostic systems of DEMO that are mounted on or near the torus, whether
intended for the monitoring and control functions of the engineering aspects or
the physics behaviour of the machine, will have to be designed to suit the
hostile nuclear environment. This will be necessary not just for their survival
and correct functioning but also to satisfy the pertinent regulatory bodies,
especially where any of them relate to machine protection or the prevention or
mitigation of accidents foreseen in the safety case. This paper aims to
indicate the more important of the reactor design considerations that are
likely to apply to diagnostics for DEMO, drawn from experience on JET, the
provisions in hand for ITER and modelling results for the wall erosion and
neutron damage effects in DEMO.Comment: 8 page
Design issues in CMOS differential LC oscillators
An analysis of phase noise in differential cross-coupled inductance-capacitance (LC) oscillators is presented. The effect of tail current and tank power dissipation on the voltage amplitude is shown. Various noise sources in the complementary cross-coupled pair are identified, and their effect on phase noise is analyzed. The predictions are in good agreement with measurements over a large range of tail currents and supply voltages. A 1.8 GHz LC oscillator with a phase noise of -121 dBc/Hz at 600 kHz is demonstrated, dissipating 6 mW of power using on-chip spiral inductors
Simulated Clinical Trias: some design issues
Simulation is widely used to investigate real-world systems in a large number of fields, including clinical trials for drug development, since real trials are costly, frequently fail and may lead to serious side effects. This paper is a survey of the statistical issues arising in these simulated trials. We illustrate the broad applicability of this investigation tool by means of examples selected from the literature. We discuss the aims and the peculiarities of the simulation models used in this context, including a brief mention of the use of metamodels. Of special interest is the topic of the design of the virtual experiments, stressing similarities and differences with the design of real life trials. Since it is important for a computerized model to possess a satisfactory range of accuracy consistent with its intended application, real data provided by physical experiments are used to confirm the simulator : we illustrate validating techniques through a number of examples. We end the paper with some challenging questions on the scientificity, ethics and effectiveness of simulation in the clinical research, and the interesting research problem of how to integrate simulated and physical experiments in a clinical context.Simulation models; pharmacokinetics; pharmacodynamics; model validation; experimental design, ethics. Modelli di simulazione; farmacocinetica; farmacodinamica; validazione; disegno degli esperimenti; etica.
Design Issues for Generalized Linear Models: A Review
Generalized linear models (GLMs) have been used quite effectively in the
modeling of a mean response under nonstandard conditions, where discrete as
well as continuous data distributions can be accommodated. The choice of design
for a GLM is a very important task in the development and building of an
adequate model. However, one major problem that handicaps the construction of a
GLM design is its dependence on the unknown parameters of the fitted model.
Several approaches have been proposed in the past 25 years to solve this
problem. These approaches, however, have provided only partial solutions that
apply in only some special cases, and the problem, in general, remains largely
unresolved. The purpose of this article is to focus attention on the
aforementioned dependence problem. We provide a survey of various existing
techniques dealing with the dependence problem. This survey includes
discussions concerning locally optimal designs, sequential designs, Bayesian
designs and the quantile dispersion graph approach for comparing designs for
GLMs.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/088342306000000105 in the
Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Design issues in cross-coupled inverter sense amplifier
This paper presents an analytical approach to the design of CMOS cross-coupled inverter sense amplifiers. The effects of the equilibrating transistors and the tail current source on the speed of the sense amplifier are analyzed. An analysis of the offset due to mismatch in various parameters is performed, showing that a complete offset analysis has to account for the cell and bitline structure. A new figure of merit for the offset in the sense amplifier and several new design insights are introduced
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