Split Ring Resonator Inspired Dual-Band Monopole Antenna for ISM, WLAN, WIFI, and WiMAX Application

A dual-band antenna is used for several wireless networks like ISM, WLAN, WiMAX, and WiFi. The antenna\u27s uppermost element is a monopole shape with a rectangular protrusion. Antennas are created in CST. Using a 19-millimetre-wide by 31-millimetre-long FR4 substrate, the antenna is created in a design environment. Due to the SRR printing in the ground and the antenna\u27s defective ground structure, the antenna is able to achieve dual resonance. A split ring resonator printed at the base also helps achieve a second resonance. With the help of a parameter analysis, we can pick the optimal proportions for the design. The antenna resonates at both 2.3 and 5.8 GHz. We construct and test the antenna. The results obtained through simulation are equivalent to those obtained from measurements in terms of s11, gain, and directivity, as well as E-plane and H-plane patterns. Because of its compact size, consistent radiation pattern, dual-band use, and excellent impedance matching and bandwidth, the suggested antenna is an excellent choice for use in ISM networks and other wireless applications

A broadband resonant cavity antenna using a metamaterial superstrate consisting of two indentical patch arrays

This thesis presents the research work on the development of a broadband resonant cavity antenna (RCA) using a two-layer metamaterial based superstrate and a wideband patch antenna as a primary source. It is shown that the resonant effect in a metamaterial consisting of two identical patch arrays can be used to design an RCA device for broadband performance. The large radiation bandwidth of 40∼47% with 1-dB-ripple flat band response and the maximum gain of ∼13 dBi have been achieved over the frequency band of 8∼12 GHz. The dimensions of the compact RCA device are 45x45x24 mm3 (or 1.5λx1.5λx0.8λ at 10 GHz). The two-layer metamaterial superstrate is based on an assembled structure using the two liquid crystal polymer (LCP) film substrates each with a printed patch array and separated by an air spacer of 4 mm. This air-based superstrate contributes antenna efficiency; it is lighter and requires less dielectric material. For comparison, the two-layer metamaterial superstrate design is implemented using an FR4 board and it has also been demonstrated to provide similar broadband performance in an RCA device. The Fano resonance effect in the two-layer metamaterial design has been studied. It has been discovered that a sharp resonance can be obtained in such metamaterials when a dielectric spacer is very thin (~100 µm). Analysis of current and electric field distributions shows that the observed electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) associated with the enhanced transmission originates from the effect of trapped-mode resonance in the two-layer metamaterials. The experimental work was carried out using both FR4 and LCP based dielectric spacers. It is shown that the LCP based metamaterials can also be used as an effective absorber near a design frequency of 10 GHz. A broadband source antenna is based on an optimised coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed and aperture coupled patch antenna design. By exploiting the coupling effects of a triple resonances associated with the CPW structure, the aperture, and the patch element, the broadband patch antenna was obtained and used successfully in the development of the broadband RCA device. Impedance and radiation bandwidths of the practical device are measured to be as large as 41% and 43%, respectively. The new fabrication and assembly methods based on laser micromachining of the PMMA polymer have been developed for a successful construction of metamaterial structures and antenna devices

A Review on Different Techniques of Mutual Coupling Reduction Between Elements of Any MIMO Antenna. Part 2: Metamaterials and Many More

This two‐part article presents a review of different techniques of mutual coupling (MC) reduction. MC reduction is a primary concern while designing a compact multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna where the separation between the antennas is less than λ0/2, that is, half of the free‐space wavelength. The negative permittivity and permeability of artificially created materials/structures (Metamaterials) significantly help reduce MC among narrow‐band compact MIMO antenna design elements. In this part two of the review paper, we will discuss techniques: Metamaterials; Split‐Ring‐Resonator; Complementary‐Split‐Ring‐Resonator; Frequency Selective Surface, Metasurface, Electromagnetic Band Gap structure, Decoupling and Matching network, Neutralization line, Cloaking Structures, Shorting vias and pins and few more

Design and analysis of metamaterial based microstrip patch antennas for wireless applications.

Doctoral Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.Due to the tremendous growth of wireless communication applications, there is an enormous demand for more compact antennas with high speed, wider coverage, high gain, and multi-band properties. The microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas with high gain and multi-band properties are suitable to fulfil these requirements. MPAs have been found to possess unique qualities such as light weight, low profile, easy fabrication, and integration. However, the low gain, narrow bandwidth, and mutual coupling in the MIMO antennas limit the performance of MIMO systems. Several techniques have been studied and implemented over the years, but they are not without limitations. The utilization of artificial materials such as metamaterials has proven to be efficient in overcoming the limitations of MPAs. Due to the advancement in modern technology, it is necessary to study and use recently developed metamaterial structures. Metamaterials (MeTMs) are artificially engineered materials with electromagnetic properties that are not found in nature. MeTMs are used due to their electric and magnetic properties. The goal of this thesis is to design and investigate a novel metamaterial structure which can be integrated into the microstrip patch antennas for improving their performance. The design, simulation, and measurement of the metamaterial is carried out on the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) studio suite, Advance Design Systems (ADS) software, MATLAB, and the Rohde and Schwarz network analyzer etc. In this thesis, a novel I-shaped metamaterial (ISMeTM) structure is proposed, designed, and investigated. The proposed novel ISMeTM unit cell structure in this work has a characteristic shape that distinguishes it from earlier multi-band MeTMs in the literature. The structure's unit cell is designed to have an overall compact size of 10 mm × 10 mm. The structure generates transmission coefficients at 6.31 GHz, 7.79 GHz, 9.98 GHz, 10.82 GHz, 11.86 GHz, 13.36 GHz, and 15. 5 GHz. These frequency bands are ideal for multi-band satellite communication systems, C, X, and Ku-bands, and radar applications etc. The performance of the MPA is improved in this work, by integrating a novel square split ring resonator (SSRR) metamaterial. The performance of the proposed antenna is investigated and analyzed. The SSRR is designed to have a dimension of 25 x 21.4 x 1.6 mm2 which is the same dimension as the radiating patch of the MPA. The SSRR is etched over the antenna, and it operates at single operating frequency of 5.8 GHz with improved gain from 4.04 to 5.3 dBi. Further, the MPA with improved parameters for multiband wireless systems is designed, analyzed, fabricated, and measured. The proposed design utilizes the ISMeTM array as superstrate with the area of 70 x 70 mm2. The superstrate is etched over a rectangular MPA exhibiting multi-band properties. This antenna resonates at 6.31, 9.65, 11.45 GHz with increased bandwidth at 240 MHz, 850 MHz, and 1010 MHz. The overall gain of the antenna increases by 74.18%. The antenna is fabricated and measured. The simulated results and the measured results are found to be in good agreement. The mutual coupling and low gain problems in MIMO patch antennas is also addressed in this thesis. A 3 x 5-unit cell array of the ISMeTM is used as a superstrate over a two port MIMO patch antenna. The two port MIMO antenna with the superstrate provides triple-band operation and operates over three resonance frequencies at 6.31, 9.09, and 11.41 GHz. A mutual coupling reduction of 26 dB, 33 dB, and 22 dB for the first band, second band and third band, respectively is attained. In this thesis, a novel I-shaped metamaterial structure is introduced, which produces multiband operation. The presented metamaterial is suitable for various multiband wireless communication applications. The integration of a square split ring resonator metamaterial enhances the performance of the antenna. Using the I-shaped metamaterial a high gain multiband microstrip antenna is designed. The I-shaped metamaterial array is utilized to improve the performance of the MIMO antenna. Various antenna parameters confirm that the presented MIMO antenna is suitable for multiband wireless communications

DUAL WIDEBAND AND HIGH GAIN MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS SYSTEM

In this paper dual wideband high gain circular shaped microstrip antenna with modified ground plane is presented for wireless communication systems. The overall dimension of the proposed antenna is 50 x 40 x 1.6 mm3. The radiating element consists of circular shaped patch which is excited by microstrip feed-line printed on FR4 epoxy substrate. The ground plane is on the other side of the substrate having a rectangular ring shape to enhance the peak gain of the antenna. The proposed antenna exhibits two wide fractional bandwidths (based on ≤ -10 dB) of 61.1% (ranging from 2.0 to 3.8 GHz, centred at 2.88 GHz) and 53.37% (ranging from 5.48 to 9.6 GHz, centred at 7.44 GHz). The measured peak gain achieved is 8.25 dBi at 8.76 GHz. The measured impedance bandwidth and gain suffice all the commercial bands of wireless systems such as 4G LTE band-40, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WLAN, WiMAX, C-band, and X-band. The measured results are experimentally tested and verified with simulated results. A reasonable agreement is found between them

Advances in Reconfigurable Antenna Systems Facilitated by Innovative Technologies

© 2013 IEEE. Future fifth generation (5G) wireless platforms will require reconfigurable antenna systems to meet their performance requirements in compact, light-weight, and cost-effective packages. Recent advances in reconfigurable radiating and receiving structures have been enabled by a variety of innovative technology solutions. Examples of reconfigurable partially reflective surface antennas, reconfigurable filtennas, reconfigurable Huygens dipole antennas, and reconfigurable feeding network-enabled antennas are presented and discussed. They represent novel classes of frequency, pattern, polarization, and beam-direction reconfigurable systems realized by the innovative combinations of radiating structures and circuit components

A Dual Layer Frequency Selective Surface Reflector for Wideband Applications

A dual-layer, bandstop frequency selective surface (FSS) is presented in this paper for wideband applications. Each layer uses patch type FSS with slots for miniaturization and are cascaded with an air gap in between. The low-profile FSS with unit cell dimension on the order of 0.2λ0×0.2λ0 provides transmission coefficient below -10dB in the frequency range of 4-7 GHz with 56% bandwidth. The FSS exhibits a nearly linear phase variation with frequency in the operating band and can be used as a substrate below planar wide band antennas with bi-directional radiation for enhancing its gain, directivity in the broadside direction as well as shielding it against nearby conductive surfaces such as metal cases, other printed antennas. Detailed design method, equivalent circuit analysis and measurement results of the FSS are presented in this paper

Compact V-Shaped MIMO Antenna For LTE And 5G Communications

A new small V-shaped MIMO antenna with dimensions of the antenna 21 × 24 × 0.8 mm within the bands of (4.4-4.9) and (5.15-5.925) GHz was designed, and the fabrication and measurement outcomes derived from the use of the MIMO prototype revealed that the fractal MIMO antenna. The small and simple fractal antenna demonstrated high isolation of less than -18.5 dB and envelope correlation coefficient less than 0.05. These attributes are suitable for mobile, which is being introduced into Japanese markets

An innovative fractal monopole MIMO antenna for modern 5G applications

Proposed in this paper is the design of an innovative and compact antenna array which based on four radiating elements for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna applications used in 5G communication systems. The radiating elements are fractal curves excited using an open-circuited feedline through a coplanar waveguide (CPW). The feedline is electromagnetically coupled to the inside edge of the radiating element. The array's impedance bandwidth is enhanced by inserting a ground structure composed of low-high-low impedance between the radiating elements. The low-impedance section of the ground is a staircase structure that is inclined at an angle to follow the input feedline. This inter-radiating element essentially suppresses near-field radiation between adjacent radiators. A band reject filter based on a composite right/left hand (CRLH) structure is mounted at the back side of the antenna array to reduce mutual coupling between the antenna elements by choking surface wave propagations that can otherwise degrade the radiation performance of the array antenna. The CRLH structure is based on the Hilbert fractal geometry, and it was designed to act like a stop band filter over the desired frequency bands. The proposed antenna array was fabricated and tested. It covers the frequency bands in the range from 2 to 3 GHz, 3.4-3.9 GHz, and 4.4-5.2 GHz. The array has a maximum gain of 6. 2dBi at 3.8 GHz and coupling isolation better than 20 dB. The envelope correlation coefficient of the antenna array is within the acceptable limit. There is good agreement between the simulated and measured results.Dr. Mohammad Alibakhshikenari acknowledges support from the CONEX-Plus programme funded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801538. Funding for APC: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Read & Publish Agreement CRUE-CSIC 2022)