Augmenting Milling Process Data for Shape Error Prediction

New integrated sensors and connected machine tools generate a tremendous amount of in-depth process data. The continuous transformation of the obtained data into deployable machining knowledge allows for faster ramp-ups, more reliable process outcome and higher profitability. A system for recording data from various sources - including a simultaneous material removal simulation - is implemented to aggregate and store process data. In addition to the simulation results, process data from the machine control, cutting forces and shape error samples are collected. A series of slot milling processes are carried out with varying cutting speed, feed per tooth and width of cut in a full factional design. In order to continuously evaluate process data, automatized methods are required. This is achieved using the simulation results to determine all relevant cutting conditions. Dependencies between cutting parameters, sensor signals and cutting result are identified and quantified. However, a one-dimensional model does not predict the shape error accurately. As an alternative model, a multidimensional model based on a Support Vector Machine is trained, using process forces and simulation data. The obtained prediction accuracy is significantly higher compared to the one-dimensional model and can be used to design highly reliable cutting processes.DFG/CRC/65

Use of Life Cycle Data for Condition-Oriented Maintenance

This technical contribution treats of a novel approach to condition-oriented maintenance as elaborated by Collaborative Research Centre 653 at the Leibniz University in Hanover. The objective resides in the targeted analysis of information about a component's lifecycle for maintenance purposes. The information in question is collected by means of the Collaborative Research Centre's innovative technologies. This enables preventive maintenance of components on the basis of their condition. This contribution initially explains condition-oriented maintenance, before introducing the Collaborative Research Centre and finally presenting the methodology for analyzing the information. The current state of development is described and an outlook provided for expanding the methodology

Enabling New Functionally Embedded Mechanical Systems Via Cutting, Folding, and 3D Printing

Traditional design tools and fabrication methods implicitly prevent mechanical engineers from encapsulating full functionalities such as mobility, transformation, sensing and actuation in the early design concept prototyping stage. Therefore, designers are forced to design, fabricate and assemble individual parts similar to conventional manufacturing, and iteratively create additional functionalities. This results in relatively high design iteration times and complex assembly strategies

Seeing the World Differently. An Exploration of a Professional Development Model Bridging Science and Lay Cultures

This study explores the rationale, efficacy, and social validity of a professional development model designed to move elementary school science activities closer to the practices of working scientists as required by the United States’ “Next Generation Science Standards.” The model is culturally sensitive and aims to create experiences with high subjective task value. The formal theory of change uses scaffolding, Piagetian agency, and Vygotskian learning opportunities to argue that culturally familiar representational tasks in culturally natural intersubjective contexts can lead to work prototypical of scientific modeling under particular facilitation conditions: when participants (a) are allowed free use of their cognitive and culturally native tools; (b) work in open dialog amongst themselves and with a science cultural adept; (c) work in groups in contexts that represent cultural aspects of science work; (d) are pressed to follow some of the epistemic and ontological imperatives of working science; and (e) maintain their agency in resolving cognitive conflict. The study implemented the model with fidelity as a professional development workshop around exploring physics with simple, everyday materials over two afternoons with a small group of elementary-school teachers in southern Appalachia. Analysis indicates that participants engaged in representational tasks with little off-task behavior, exhibited all of the targeted modeling behaviors, felt all components were inherently interesting and useful, and rated the workshop highly as professional development in science teaching but lower as coherent with local evaluation standards. Data on outcome-expectancy beliefs were largely inconclusive but may suggest that the workshop caused teachers to doubt their current ability to teach science to their students. The workshop model provided “cultural modeling” and access to participants’ “funds of knowledge,” created a “third space,” and attended to intrinsic task interest as recommended in the National Research Councils’ How People Learn II. Overall, the study endorses using genuine dialog around teachers’ descriptions and explanations of the physical world to bridge native cultural norms and behaviors with science practices

Engineering the Brand: Automotive attribute management based on the cognitive categorisation of the branded product

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel UniversityIn mature product markets competitive advantage is increasingly realised by the careful design and engineering of product attributes that emphasise a brand’s values. In the high-luxury automotive segment, user satisfaction appears to be particularly influenced by products that are perceived to be typical to the brand’s lineage. This research aims to explore the links between product specifications and the categorisation of the product as belonging to the brand, by studying the effect with the Bentley brand’s interiors. The research uses cognitive categorisation theory and related methodologies as a basis for understanding the cognitive processes that operate between the input of specific multisensory stimuli and assessments of typicality and therefore satisfaction. These processes are interpreted through Semantic Differentiation techniques in a number of studies of Bentley products and competitor vehicles. The results suggest that by identifying and defining a number of product properties, of varying importance, and measuring subject’s responses to them, brand-based categorisation effects can be visualised and quantified. The research investigates if these effects have been stable over time and finds that some patterns exist that might be used to predict how future products might be categorised. The benefits of the resulting assessment and measurement tool to the product development process appear to be at least two-fold; firstly, by informing the process, product specifications may be set and designs developed, that are considered more accurate, good and right for the brand, resulting in controlled development time and costs and increased consumer satisfaction. Secondly, by enabling the process, property strengths, weakness and competitive threats may be understood that facilitate experimental and actual design modifications to optimise brand distinctiveness

GRASP News Volume 9, Number 1

A report of the General Robotics and Active Sensory Perception (GRASP) Laboratory

\u3cem\u3eGRASP News\u3c/em\u3e: Volume 9, Number 1

The past year at the GRASP Lab has been an exciting and productive period. As always, innovation and technical advancement arising from past research has lead to unexpected questions and fertile areas for new research. New robots, new mobile platforms, new sensors and cameras, and new personnel have all contributed to the breathtaking pace of the change. Perhaps the most significant change is the trend towards multi-disciplinary projects, most notable the multi-agent project (see inside for details on this, and all the other new and on-going projects). This issue of GRASP News covers the developments for the year 1992 and the first quarter of 1993

Complex Event Processing for City Officers: A Filter and Pipe Visual Approach

Administrators and operators of next generation cities will likely be required to exhibit a good understanding of technical features, data issues, and complex information that, up to few years ago, were quite far from day-to-day administration tasks. In the smart city era, the increased attention to data harvested from the city fosters a more informed approach to city administration, requiring involved operators to drive, direct, and orient technological processes in the city more effectively. Such an increasing need requires tools and platforms that can easily and effectively be controlled by non-technical people. In this paper, an approach for enabling "easier" composition of real-time data processing pipelines in smart cities is presented, exploiting a visual and block-based design approach, similar to the one adopted in the Scratch programming language for elementary school students. The proposed approach encompasses both a graphical editor and a sound methodology and workflow, to allow city operators to effectively design, develop, test, and deploy their own data processing pipelines. The editor and the workflow are described in the context of a pilot of the ALMANAC European project

Towards higher sense of presence: a 3D virtual environment adaptable to confusion and engagement

Virtual Reality scenarios where emitters convey information to receptors can be used as a tool for distance learning and to enable virtual visits to company physical headquarters. However, immersive Virtual Reality setups usually require visualization interfaces such as Head-mounted Displays, Powerwalls or CAVE systems, supported by interaction devices (Microsoft Kinect, Wii Motion, among others), that foster natural interaction but are often inaccessible to users. We propose a virtual presentation scenario, supported by a framework, that provides emotion-driven interaction through ubiquitous devices. An experiment with 3 conditions was designed involving: a control condition; a less confusing text script based on its lexical, syntactical, and bigram features; and a third condition where an adaptive lighting system dynamically acted based on the user’s engagement. Results show that users exposed to the less confusing script reported higher sense of presence, albeit without statistical significance. Users from the last condition reported lower sense of presence, which rejects our hypothesis without statistical significance. We theorize that, as the presentation was given orally and the adaptive lighting system impacts the visual channel, this conflict may have overloaded the users’ cognitive capacity and thus reduced available resources to address the presentation content.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio