12,760 research outputs found
Specification of vertical semantic consistency rules of UML class diagram refinement using logical approach
Unified Modelling Language (UML) is the most popular modelling language use for
software design in software development industries with a class diagram being the
most frequently use diagram. Despite the popularity of UML, it is being affected by
inconsistency problems of its diagrams at the same or different abstraction levels.
Inconsistency in UML is mostly caused by existence of various views on the same
system and sometimes leads to potentially conflicting system specifications. In
general, syntactic consistency can be automatically checked and therefore is
supported by current UML Computer-aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools.
Semantic consistency problems, unlike syntactic consistency problems, there exists
no specific method for specifying semantic consistency rules and constraints.
Therefore, this research has specified twenty-four abstraction rules of class‟s relation
semantic among any three related classes of a refined class diagram to semantically
equivalent relations of two of the classes using a logical approach. This research has
also formalized three vertical semantic consistency rules of a class diagram
refinement identified by previous researchers using a logical approach and a set of
formalized abstraction rules. The results were successfully evaluated using hotel
management system and passenger list system case studies and were found to be
reliable and efficient
Born Under a Lucky Star?
This paper suggests that people can learn to behave in a way which makes them unlucky or lucky. Learning from experience will lead them to make choices which may lead to "luckier" outcomes than others. By so doing they may reinforce the choices of those who find themselves with unlucky outcomes. In this situation, people have reasonably learned to behave as they do and their behaviour is consistent with their experience. The lucky ones were not "born under a lucky star" they learned to be lucky.
Objective Styles in Northern Field Science
Social studies of science have often treated natural field sites as extensions of the laboratory. But this overlooks the unique specificities of field sites. While lab sites are usually private spaces with carefully controlled borders, field sites are more typically public spaces with fluid boundaries and diverse inhabitants. Field scientists must therefore often adapt their work to the demands and interests of local agents. I propose to address the difference between lab and field in sociological terms, as a difference in style. A field style treats epistemic alterity as a resource rather than an obstacle for objective knowledge production. A sociological stylistics of the field should thus explain how objective science can co-exist with radical conceptual difference. I discuss examples from the Canadian North, focussing on collaborations between state wildlife biologists and managers, on the one hand, and local Aboriginal Elders and hunters, on the other. I argue that a sociological stylistics of the field can help us to better understand how radically diverse agents may collaborate across cultures in the successful production of reliable natural knowledge
Human-Machine Collaborative Optimization via Apprenticeship Scheduling
Coordinating agents to complete a set of tasks with intercoupled temporal and
resource constraints is computationally challenging, yet human domain experts
can solve these difficult scheduling problems using paradigms learned through
years of apprenticeship. A process for manually codifying this domain knowledge
within a computational framework is necessary to scale beyond the
``single-expert, single-trainee" apprenticeship model. However, human domain
experts often have difficulty describing their decision-making processes,
causing the codification of this knowledge to become laborious. We propose a
new approach for capturing domain-expert heuristics through a pairwise ranking
formulation. Our approach is model-free and does not require enumerating or
iterating through a large state space. We empirically demonstrate that this
approach accurately learns multifaceted heuristics on a synthetic data set
incorporating job-shop scheduling and vehicle routing problems, as well as on
two real-world data sets consisting of demonstrations of experts solving a
weapon-to-target assignment problem and a hospital resource allocation problem.
We also demonstrate that policies learned from human scheduling demonstration
via apprenticeship learning can substantially improve the efficiency of a
branch-and-bound search for an optimal schedule. We employ this human-machine
collaborative optimization technique on a variant of the weapon-to-target
assignment problem. We demonstrate that this technique generates solutions
substantially superior to those produced by human domain experts at a rate up
to 9.5 times faster than an optimization approach and can be applied to
optimally solve problems twice as complex as those solved by a human
demonstrator.Comment: Portions of this paper were published in the Proceedings of the
International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) in 2016 and
in the Proceedings of Robotics: Science and Systems (RSS) in 2016. The paper
consists of 50 pages with 11 figures and 4 table
Highways, market access and spatial sorting
We design a spatial model featuring workers embodied with heterogeneous skills. In equilibrium, locations with improved market access become relatively more attractive to the high-skilled, high-income earners. We then empirically analyze the effects of the construction of the Swiss highway network between 1960 and 2010 on the distribution of income at the local level, as well as on employment and commuting by education level. We find that the advent of a new highway access within 10km led to a long-term 19%-increase of the share of high-income taxpayers and a 6%-decrease of the share of low-income taxpayers. Results are similar for employment data decomposed by education level, as well as for in- and outcommuters. Highways also contributed to job and residential urban spraw
Re-conceptualising the Language Game Paradigm in the Framework of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
Re-conceptualising the Language Game Paradigm in the Framework of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
In this paper, we formulate the challenge of re-conceptualising the language
game experimental paradigm in the framework of multi-agent reinforcement
learning (MARL). If successful, future language game experiments will benefit
from the rapid and promising methodological advances in the MARL community,
while future MARL experiments on learning emergent communication will benefit
from the insights and results gained from language game experiments. We
strongly believe that this cross-pollination has the potential to lead to major
breakthroughs in the modelling of how human-like languages can emerge and
evolve in multi-agent systems.Comment: This paper was accepted for presentation at the 2020 AAAI Spring
Symposium `Challenges and Opportunities for Multi-Agent Reinforcement
Learning' after a double-blind reviewing proces
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