IEEE Access Special Section Editorial: Big Data Technology and Applications in Intelligent Transportation

During the last few years, information technology and transportation industries, along with automotive manufacturers and academia, are focusing on leveraging intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to improve services related to driver experience, connected cars, Internet data plans for vehicles, traffic infrastructure, urban transportation systems, traffic collaborative management, road traffic accidents analysis, road traffic flow prediction, public transportation service plan, personal travel route plans, and the development of an effective ecosystem for vehicles, drivers, traffic controllers, city planners, and transportation applications. Moreover, the emerging technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing have provided unprecedented opportunities for the development and realization of innovative intelligent transportation systems where sensors and mobile devices can gather information and cloud computing, allowing knowledge discovery, information sharing, and supported decision making. However, the development of such data-driven ITS requires the integration, processing, and analysis of plentiful information obtained from millions of vehicles, traffic infrastructures, smartphones, and other collaborative systems like weather stations and road safety and early warning systems. The huge amount of data generated by ITS devices is only of value if utilized in data analytics for decision-making such as accident prevention and detection, controlling road risks, reducing traffic carbon emissions, and other applications which bring big data analytics into the picture

Maxed Out: Massachusetts Transportation at a Financing Crossroad

Outlines the economic, environmental, and quality-of-life implications of the state's transportation revenue shortfalls; background and contributing factors; outcomes of reform efforts; and suggested guidelines for public policy discussions

Estimating Workforce Development Needs for High-Speed Rail in California, Research Report 11-16

This study provides an assessment of the job creation and attendant education and training needs associated with the creation of the California High-Speed Rail (CHSR) network, scheduled to begin construction in September 2012. Given the high profile of national and state commitment to the project, a comprehensive analysis that discusses the education, training, and related needs created during the build out of the CHSR network is necessary. This needs assessment is achieved by means of: 1) analyzing current high-speed rail specific challenges pertaining to 220mph trains; 2) using a more accurate and robust “bottom-up” approach to estimate the labor, education, skills, and knowledge needed to complete the CHSR network; and 3) assessing the current capacity of railroad-specific training and education in the state of California and the nation. Through these analyses, the study identifies the magnitude and attributes of the workforce development needs and challenges that lie ahead for California. The results of this research offer new insight into the training and education levels likely to be needed for the emergent high-speed rail workforce, including which types of workers and professionals are needed over the life of the project (by project phase), and their anticipated educational level. Results indicates that although the education attained by the design engineers of the system signifies the most advanced levels of education in the workforce, this group is comparatively small over the life of the project. Secondly, this report identifies vast training needs for the construction workforce and higher education needs for a managerial construction workforce. Finally, the report identifies an extremely limited existing capacity for training and educating the high-speed rail workforce in both California and in the U.S. generally

Selective Screening of Rail Passengers, MTI 06-07

The threat of another major terrorist attack in the United States remains high, with the greatest danger coming from local extremists inspired by events in the Middle East. Although the United States removed the Taliban government and destroyed al Qaeda’s training camps in Afghanistan, events in Europe and elsewhere have shown that the terrorist network leadership remains determined to carry out further attacks and is capable of doing so. Therefore, the United States must systematically conduct research on terrorist strikes against transportation targets to distill lessons learned and determine the best practices for deterrence, response, and recovery. Those best practices must be taught to transportation and security professionals to provide secure surface transportation for the nation. Studying recent incidents in Europe and Asia, along with other research, will help leaders in the United States learn valuable lessons—from preventing attacks, to response and recovery, to addressing the psychological impacts of attacks to business continuity. Timely distillations of the lessons learned and best practices developed in other countries, once distributed to law enforcement, first responders, and rail- and subway-operating transit agencies, could result in the saving of American lives. This monograph focuses on the terrorist risks confronting public transportation in the United States—especially urban mass transit—and explores how different forms of passenger screening, and in particular, selective screening, can best be implemented to reduce those risks

A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH THE URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS OF CAIRO, NAIROBI, TUNIS, CAPE TOWN AND LAGOS

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 국제대학원 국제학과(국제협력전공), 2021.8. 마틴.Traffic congestion has increasingly become a widely discussed subject globally. It is believed that this phenomenon will only worsen progressively. Many developed and underdeveloped countries all over the world are adopting various policy measures to deal with this phenomenon. The most affected cities of the world such as Sao Paolo in Brazil are notoriously known by what characterizes the early morning and evening drive. African cities in countries such as Egypt, Nigeria and to relatively lesser extent, Ghana also endure this same challenge. This paper examines the causes of vehicular traffic congestion in Accra, the administrative capital of Ghana and suggests feasible policy recommendations based on a comparative analysis with urban transport systems of the selected cities. The paper is in six parts. The first part covers introduction, the second part covers the literature review, the third part covers methodology, and the fourth part, an analysis of the Accra case. This is followed by the fifth part which covers a comparison of Accra with the above-mentioned cities, with summary, conclusions, recommendations as well as limitations forming the sixth part.교통 체증은 세계적으로 널리 논의되고 있는 주제이다. 이 현상은 점차 더 악화된다고 여겨지고 있다. 많은 선진국과 개발도상국을 포함한 전 세계에서는 교통 체증을 해결하기 위해 여러 정책과 전략들을 채택해오고 있다. 브라질의 상파울루와 같은 교통체증의 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 도시들은 새벽 및 야간 운전이 여러모로 악명 높다. 이집트, 나이지리아와 같은 아프리카 도시들과 상대적으로 더 작은 면적인 가나에서도 위와 같은 현상을 겪고 있다. 본 연구는 가나의 행정 수도인 아크라의 차량 교통 체증의 원인을 분석하고 선택한 5 개 도시 (카이로, 나이로비, 튀니스, 케이프타운, 라고스)의 도시 교통 시스템의 비교 분석을 토대로 실현 가능한 정책을 제안한다.CHAPTER 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Problem Identification 2 1.3 Comparison with other cities in Africa 5 1.4.1 Objective of the research 6 1.4.2 Research questions 7 1.4.3 Significance of the research 7 1.4.4 Research Methodology 8 1.4.5 Scope of the Research 8 1.4.6 Anticipated problems and limitations 9 1.5 Organization of the study 9 CHAPTER 2 10 LITERATURE REVIEW 10 2.1 Introduction 10 2.2 Definition of Urban Traffic Congestion 10 2.3 The characteristics of urban transport that cause congestion 12 2.4 Urban Governance in Africa 14 2.5 Urban Planning in Africa 18 2.6 Urban Transport Planning in Africa 19 2.7.1 Urban Transportation in Africa 21 2.7.2 Overview of Urban Transportation in Ghana 23 2.7.3 Urban Transportation in Lagos, Nigeria 25 2.7.4 Urban Transportation in Cape Town, South Africa 28 2.7.5 Urban Transportation in Nairobi, Kenya 31 2.7.6 Urban Transportation in Cairo, Egypt 36 2.7.7 Urban Transportation in Tunis, Tunisia 41 2.8 Transport Infrastructure in Africa 43 CHAPTER 3 46 METHODOLOGY 46 3.1 Introduction 46 3.2 Research questions 46 3.3 Study Area 47 3.4 Comparative Research 47 3.5 Research Design 49 3.6 Secondary Data Sources and tools of analysis 50 3.7 Strength and limitations 50 3.8 Conceptual Framework 51 CHAPTER 4 53 AN ANALYSIS OF THE ACCRA CASE 53 4.1 Introduction 53 4.2 Urban Planning 53 4.3 Urban Transport System 54 4.4 Factors Contributing to Traffic Congestion in the Accra 56 Metropolis 56 4.5 Impact on the Metropolis 65 CHAPTER 5 70 URBAN PLANNING ACROSS THE FIVE SELECTED CITIES 70 5.1 Introduction 70 5.2 Urban Planning 70 5.3 Urban Planning in Nairobi, Kenya 73 5.4 Urban Planning in Lagos, Nigeria 75 5.5 Urban Planning in Cairo, Egypt 77 5.6 Urban Planning in Tunis, Tunisia 80 5.7 Urban Planning in Cape Town, South Africa 82 5.8 Table of Comparison 86 5.9 Discussion 91 CHAPTER 6 93 CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS AND LIMITATION OF STUDY 93 6.1 Summary of findings 93 6.2 Conclusion 95 6.3 Recommendations 96 6.3 Limitation of the Study 100 국문 초록 112석

Assessment of the tradeoff between energy efficiency and transfer opportunities in an urban rail transit network

Urban rail transit (URT) in metropolitan areas consumes huge energy. Energy-efficient timetabling (EET) of URT is an essential measurement of URT management and technologies toward carbon neutralization initiatives. However, the majority EET studies focus on single URT lines ignoring passenger transfer and path choice in the entire URT network. As passenger path choice and timetabling are interdependent in a URT network, the ignorance of passenger transfers potentially results in irrelevant energy efficiency of a URT network. This paper proposes a bi-objective EET model incorporating the minimization of passenger transfer times as an objective in addition to energy efficiency. The timetabling objectives and constraints are linearized, and the bi-objective is transformed into a single objective by a linear weighting method. Utilizing the passenger demand and speed profile data of URT in the City of Xi'an (China), a case study is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed EET model. The numerical results show that an optimized timetable solution can reduce 25.1% energy consumption and save 3.3% passenger transfer time.</p