An Evaluation and Recommendations for Further CFD Research Based on the NASA Common Research Model (CRM) Analysis from the AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop (DPW) Series

The six Drag Prediction Workshops (DPW) have drawn a total of 125 participants submitting 225 data entries. Over half of these occurred in the last three workshops dealing with the NASA Common Research Model (CRM). Participants have ranged from North America, Europe, Asia, and South America, representing Government, Industry, Academia, and Commercial/Vendors. The DPW Series has generated a tremendous amount of CFD data, freely available to the public domain. A continuous improvement of the results as measured by: the reduction of the spread of drag predictions for the specified nominal cruise point, accuracy of drag increment, and the angle-of-attack sweep behavior, has been noted. Although it has been difficult separating out the parts and pieces that contribute to errors in CFD drag predictions, part of the improvements over the years can be attributed to grid resolution. The scatter in predicted drag in the continuum has been reduced dramatically from plus or minus 50 counts in DPW-I to around plus or minus 5 counts for DPW-V and - VI. During the six workshops, the grid size has grown dramatically. The average size of the medium wing-body meshes in DPW-I through DPW-IV have been 3.2, 5.4, 7.8 and 10.9 million, respectively. This represents a growth rate of approximately 17 percent per year during the eight years between DPW-I and DPW-IV. For DPW-VI, this number has grown from 25 to 50 million points for the various families of grids available. The finest level grids have increased steadily, from just over 3 million grid points in DPW-I to 225 million for the WBNP (Wing-Body-Nacelle-Pylon) in DPW-VI. While progress has been made, persistent problems with grid generation and separated flow prediction continue. The experiences and recommendations presented here are consistent with those espoused in the CFD Vision 2030 Study: A Path to Revolutionary Computational Aerosciences, NASA/CR-2014-218178

The Forgetting of a Hero: The Antarctic Explorer Shirase Nobu

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the life and times of Lieutenant Shirase Nobu, in order to identify some of the factors responsible for the fact that his is a name that was once famous throughout Japan and yet is now almost entirely forgotten. For some explorers, fame has endured, and the glory that was theirs in their own time has lasted long after their deaths. For others, however, it has been an ephemeral status that soon faded. It is argued in this thesis that heroes are a product of the historical milieu in which they lived, as much as they are a product of their own deeds, and that changes in society can eclipse heroic status even within the lifetime of the hero. The historical period known as the Heroic Era of Antarctic exploration, which occurred from the end of the nineteenth century into the first decades of the twentieth, has become a topic of growing fascination for layperson and scholar alike. Despite this interest, Shirase Nobu, a Heroic Era Antarctic explorer once celebrated in Japan and whose name was known around the world, was forgotten even in his homeland almost as soon as his expedition was over, and his story still remains largely unknown even in that country. Although Shirase's story is a fascinating one, it is not the purpose of this thesis to rehabilitate a forgotten Japanese historical figure. Nor does this thesis investigate the "waves and troughs" in Shirase's fame over the past century, or attempt to explain why they have occurred, or are now occurring. Instead, this thesis is restricted to an investigation of factors that made Shirase famous, and, more specifically, the factors that swiftly put an end to that fame. At the same time, it is hoped that this thesis may function as a first stage in integrating into the wider field of Antarctic historical studies an event which has to date largely been ignored, and thereby serve as one small step towards giving the East a more eloquent role on the Anglo-centric stage of Antarctic exploratory history as it now exists

Data Exploration in the HIFUN Language

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