Welfare Costs of Sticky Wages When Effort Can Respond

We examine the impact of wage stickiness when employment has an effort as well as hours dimension. Despite wages being predetermined, the labor market clears through the effort margin. Consequently, welfare costs of wage stickiness are potentially much, much smaller.Sticky Wage, Endogenous Effort, Welfare Cost

A Century of Work and Leisure

Has leisure increased over the last century? Standard measures of hours worked suggest that it has. In this paper, we develop a comprehensive measure of non-leisure hours that includes market work, home production, commuting and schooling for the last 105 years. We also present empirical and theoretical arguments for a definition of %u201Cper capita%u201D that encompasses the entire population. The new measures reveal a number of interesting 20th Century trends. First, 70 percent of the decline in hours worked has been offset by an increase in hours spent in school. Second, contrary to conventional wisdom, average hours spent in home production are actually slightly higher now than they were in the early part of the 20th Century. Finally, leisure per capita is approximately the same now as it was in 1900.

Analysis of the determinants of Temporary employment in 19 European countries

This paper studies the determinants of temporary employment in 19 European countries using micro-level data drawn from the European Social Survey. The analysis shows that temporary employment is a stepping-stone to a permanent job. In addition, temporary employees work less than their permanent counterparts with reference to working time, which decreased their potential wages. From another hand, past unemployment episodes are likely to reduce considerably the chance of being re-employed on a permanent work arrangement. Finally, compared to other work arrangements, temporary employment is more often devoted to immigrant workers while national citizens are more likely to hold part time jobs. However, some points of convergence characterize part-time and fixed-term contracts. Women are more frequently associated with these two forms of flexibility.temporary jobs, fixed term contract, contract of unspecified duration

Commercials, careers and culture: travelling salesmen in Britain 1890s-1930s

Within the lower middle-class, British commercial travellers established a strong fraternal culture before 1914. This article examines their interwar experiences in terms of income, careers, and associational culture. It demonstrates how internal labour markets operated, identifies the ways in which commercial travellers interpreted their role, and explores their social and political attitudes

Simon S. Kuznets: April 30, 1901-July 9, 1985

This paper, prepared for the Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, presents an account of the scholarly career of Simon S. Kuznets. Among the issues considered are his contribution to the development of the empirical tradition in economics, his transformation of the field of national income accounting, his use of national income accounting during World War II to set production targets for both the military and civilian sectors of the economy, and to guide the implementation of those targets; his development of a theory of economic growth, his investigation of the interrelationship between economic growth and population growth, his contribution to methods of measurement in economics, and his legacy to the economics profession.

‘It’s better than daytime television’: questioning the socio-spatial impacts of massage parlours on residential communities

It has been shown that street sex work is problematic for some communities, but there is less evidence of the effects of brothels. Emerging research also suggests that impact discourses outlined by residential communities and in regulatory policies should be critiqued, because they are often based on minority community voices, and limited tangible evidence is used to masquerade wider moral viewpoints about the place of sex work. Using a study of residents living in close proximity to brothels in Blackpool, this paper argues that impact is socially and spatially fluid. Impact needs to be evaluated in a more nuanced manner, which is considerate of the heterogeneity of (even one type of) sex work, and the community in question. Brothels in Blackpool had a variety of roles in the everyday socio-spatial fabric; thus also questioning the common assumption that sex work only impacts negatively on residential communities

Sustainable hunting tourism - business opportunity in Northern areas? Overview of hunting and hunting tourism in four Northern countries: Finland, Sweden, Iceland and Canada

The social sustainability and fluent co-operation with the interest groups is perhaps the most crucial issue related to the development of hunting tourism at the moment. Due to the wide public huntings rights and intensive hunting club ativities in Northern countries, one of the key elements for the success of the hunting tourism company is a good co-operation with the local population and more widely, understanding on the local hunting culture and rights of the local people related to that. Also the ecological sustainability is a core value of hunting tourism. The biological resources set the framework for the enterpreneual activities and e.g. cause the seasonal nature to the activities

Networked Workers

Presents survey results on Americans' use of the Internet, e-mail, and other information and communication technologies, at and outside work, and how their work and personal lives are affected. Analyzes data by demographics, profession, and company type

Incorporating GIS data into an agent-based model to support planning policy making for the development of creative industries

This paper presents an extension to the agent-based model “Creative Industries Development–Urban Spatial Structure Transformation” by incorporating GIS data. Three agent classes, creative firms, creative workers and urban government, are considered in the model, and the spatial environment represents a set of GIS data layers (i.e. road network, key housing areas, land use). With the goal to facilitate urban policy makers to draw up policies locally and optimise the land use assignment in order to support the development of creative industries, the improved model exhibited its capacity to assist the policy makers conducting experiments and simulating different policy scenarios to see the corresponding dynamics of the spatial distributions of creative firms and creative workers across time within a city/district. The spatiotemporal graphs and maps record the simulation results and can be used as a reference by the policy makers to adjust land use plans adaptively at different stages of the creative industries’ development process