Aeronautics and space report of the President, 1982 activities

Achievements of the space program are summerized in the area of communication, Earth resources, environment, space sciences, transportation, aeronautics, and space energy. Space program activities of the various deprtments and agencies of the Federal Government are discussed in relation to the agencies' goals and policies. Records of U.S. and world spacecraft launchings, successful U.S. launches for 1982, U.S. launched applications and scientific satellites and space probes since 1975, U.S. and Soviet manned spaceflights since 1961, data on U.S. space launch vehicles, and budget summaries are provided. The national space policy and the aeronautical research and technology policy statements are included

Service Boosters: Library Operating Systems For The Datacenter

Cloud applications are taking an increasingly important place our technology and economic landscape. Consequently, they are subject to stringent performance requirements. High tail latency — percentiles at the tail of the response time distribution — is a threat to these requirements. As little as 0.01% slow requests in one microservice can significantly degrade performance for the entire application. The conventional wisdom is that application-awareness is crucial to design optimized performance management systems, but comes at the cost of maneuverability. Consequently, existing execution environments are often general-purpose and ignore important application features such as the architecture of request processing pipelines or the type of requests being served. These one-size-fits-all solutions are missing crucial information to identify and remove sources of high tail latency. This thesis aims to develop a lightweight execution environment exploiting application semantics to optimize tail performance for cloud services. This system, dubbed Service Boosters, is a library operating system exposing application structure and semantics to the underlying resource management stack. Using Service Boosters, programmers use a generic programming model to build, declare and an-notate their request processing pipeline, while performance engineers can program advanced management strategies. Using Service Boosters, I present three systems, FineLame, Perséphone, and DeDoS, that exploit application awareness to provide real time anomaly detection; tail-tolerant RPC scheduling; and resource harvesting. FineLame leverages awareness of the request processing pipeline to deploy monitoring and anomaly detection probes. Using these, FineLame can detect abnormal requests in-flight whenever they depart from the expected behavior and alerts other resource management modules. Pers ́ephone exploits an understanding of request types to dynamically allocate resources to each type and forbid pathological head-of-line blocking from heavy-tailed workloads, without the need for interrupts. Pers ́ephone is a low overhead solution well suited for microsecond scale workloads. Finally, DeDoS can identify overloaded components and dynamically scale them, harvesting only the resources needed to quench the overload. Service Boosters is a powerful framework to handle tail latency in the datacenter. Service Boosters clearly separates the roles of application development and performance engineering, proposing a general purpose application programming model while enabling the development of specialized resource management modules such as Perséphone and DeDoS

Aeronautics and space report of the President, 1980 activities

The year's achievements in the areas of communication, Earth resources, environment, space sciences, transportation, and space energy are summarized and current and planned activities in these areas at the various departments and agencies of the Federal Government are summarized. Tables show U.S. and world spacecraft records, spacecraft launchings for 1980, and scientific payload anf probes launched 1975-1980. Budget data are included

Air Traffic Management Abbreviation Compendium

As in all fields of work, an unmanageable number of abbreviations are used today in aviation for terms, definitions, commands, standards and technical descriptions. This applies in general to the areas of aeronautical communication, navigation and surveillance, cockpit and air traffic control working positions, passenger and cargo transport, and all other areas of flight planning, organization and guidance. In addition, many abbreviations are used more than once or have different meanings in different languages. In order to obtain an overview of the most common abbreviations used in air traffic management, organizations like EUROCONTROL, FAA, DWD and DLR have published lists of abbreviations in the past, which have also been enclosed in this document. In addition, abbreviations from some larger international projects related to aviation have been included to provide users with a directory as complete as possible. This means that the second edition of the Air Traffic Management Abbreviation Compendium includes now around 16,500 abbreviations and acronyms from the field of aviation

Punched-Card Systems and the Early Information Explosion, 1880–1945

At a time when Internet use is closely tracked and social networking sites supply data for targeted advertising, Lars Heide presents the first academic study of the invention that fueled today’s information revolution: the punched card. Early punched cards helped to process the United States census in 1890. They soon proved useful in calculating invoices and issuing pay slips. As demand for more sophisticated systems and reading machines increased in both the United States and Europe, punched cards served ever-larger data-processing purposes. Insurance companies, public utilities, businesses, and governments all used them to keep detailed records of their customers, competitors, employees, citizens, and enemies. The United States used punched-card registers in the late 1930s to pay roughly 21 million Americans their Social Security pensions, Vichy France used similar technologies in an attempt to mobilize an army against the occupying German forces, and the Germans in 1941 developed several punched-card registers to make the war effort—and surveillance of minorities—more effective. Heide’s analysis of these three major punched-card systems, as well as the impact of the invention on Great Britain, illustrates how different cultures collected personal and financial data and how they adapted to new technologies.This comparative study will interest students and scholars from a wide range of disciplines, including the history of technology, computer science, business history, and management and organizational studies

Information resources management, 1984-1989: A bibliography with indexes

This bibliography contains 768 annotated references to reports and journal articles entered into the NASA scientific and technical information database 1984 to 1989

DLRmagazine 169 – Jumping on board the digital transformation

As the volume of passenger and freight traffic continues to grow, rail has great potential to provide relief: automatic couplings, smart freight wagons and fast communication between train sections promise more sustainability, safety and, above all, punctuality. Find out how DLR scientists are working to make rail fit for the future with new ideas, concepts and technologies in the cover story of the new issue of DLR magazine. But change is also needed in aviation. To achieve climate-neutral flight, both engines and route planning must be rethought. To this end, DLR has published a new aviation strategy. Its goal is to decouple the growth of the aviation industry from its environmental impact. One way to reduce the emission of climate-damaging gases could be hydrogen power. But is it possible to run everything on it? And above all: does that make sense? Hear opinions from a climate researcher, an aviation propulsion engineer and an energy researcher in a new interview. Other topics in the December issue include the Cosmic Kiss mission of ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer, who arrived safely at the International Space Station ISS after several launch postponements and has begun his work there; DLR technologies that are being further developed with an aid organisation with to support disaster relief operations; and, from the Central Archive, the 1991 experiment in the TITAN pressure chamber in which divers reached a depth of more than 600 metres – without the water