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'Secure, anonymous, unregulated': 'Cryptonomicon' and the transnational data haven
This essay considers how Neal Stephenson’s 1999 epic novel Cryptonomicon engages with the long-standing and complex relationship between cryptology and national/transnational identity. Cryptonomicon's layered and disjointed structure allows it to explore the impact of cryptography and cryptanalysis in the Second World War (as well as their impact on the consequent rewriting of the international political stage), to reflect on the place of technology in the recent history of cryptology, and to consider how emergent (and supposedly secure) data storage technologies not only open up planetary-wide communication traffic but also unsettle the agreed protocols of national and international law. Stephenson provides a sense of technology's global effects by offering not a straightforward narrative of the demise of the nation-state but by showing how technologies are in a process of constant negotiation with the institutions of the nation-state, drawing upon the economic, material, and intellectual resources of the nation state, while at the same time challenging notions of a bordered and coherent national identity and working to disestablish nations of their regulatory authority. The essay is informed by recent work on cryptology, data havens, globalization, transnationalism, and postcoloniality, as well as Derrida's work on archives and technology
Banking and payment system stability in an electronic money world
Electronic funds transfers ; Payment systems
The future of Cybersecurity in Italy: Strategic focus area
This volume has been created as a continuation of the previous one, with the aim of outlining a set of focus areas and actions that the Italian Nation research community considers essential. The book touches many aspects of cyber security, ranging from the definition of the infrastructure and controls needed to organize cyberdefence to the actions and technologies to be developed to be better protected, from the identification of the main technologies to be defended to the proposal of a set of horizontal actions for training, awareness raising, and risk management
Towards responsible quantum technology, safeguarding, engaging and advancing Quantum R&D
The expected societal impact of quantum technologies (QT) urges us to proceed
and innovate responsibly. This article proposes a conceptual framework for
Responsible QT that seeks to integrate considerations about ethical, legal,
social, and policy implications (ELSPI) into quantum R&D, while responding to
the Responsible Research and Innovation dimensions of anticipation, inclusion,
reflection and responsiveness. After examining what makes QT unique, we argue
that quantum innovation should be guided by a methodological framework for
Responsible QT, aimed at jointly safeguarding against risks by proactively
addressing them, engaging stakeholders in the innovation process, and continue
advancing QT (SEA). We further suggest operationalizing the SEA-framework by
establishing quantum-specific guiding principles. The impact of quantum
computing on information security is used as a case study to illustrate (1) the
need for a framework that guides Responsible QT, and (2) the usefulness of the
SEA-framework for QT generally. Additionally, we examine how our proposed
SEA-framework for responsible innovation can inform the emergent regulatory
landscape affecting QT, and provide an outlook of how regulatory interventions
for QT as base-layer technology could be designed, contextualized, and tailored
to their exceptional nature in order to reduce the risk of unintended
counterproductive effects of policy interventions. Laying the groundwork for a
responsible quantum ecosystem, the research community and other stakeholders
are called upon to further develop the recommended guiding principles, and
discuss their operationalization into best practices and real-world
applications. Our proposed framework should be considered a starting point for
these much needed, highly interdisciplinary efforts
When Stablecoin is No Longer Stable - A Case Study on the Failure of TerraUSD
Comparing to other price-volatile cryptocurrencies, stablecoins provide a reliable way to store value and make transactions, and thus are more suitable for daily-life usage and investment risk control. However, there remains a lack of understanding of how stablecoin can gain success. This may lead to the introduction of stablecoins based on uninformed proposals, which may eventually fail. In turn, owners of these stablecoins may suffer from significant financial losses. Using theories of Information Systems and digital startups failures as the theoretical foundation, our study identified four underlying factors (lack of scarcity, lack of fiat reserve backup, decentralization, and failure of value creation) and two triggers (massive selling by major investors and algorithm malfunction) behind the collapse of a stablecoin, based on the case of TerraUSD’s collapse. Our findings provide implications for stablecoins issuers to prioritize maintenance and foster user adoption, thus increasing the likelihood of success of stablecoins
Research Priorities for Robust and Beneficial Artificial Intelligence
Success in the quest for artificial intelligence has the potential to bring
unprecedented benefits to humanity, and it is therefore worthwhile to
investigate how to maximize these benefits while avoiding potential pitfalls.
This article gives numerous examples (which should by no means be construed as
an exhaustive list) of such worthwhile research aimed at ensuring that AI
remains robust and beneficial.Comment: This article gives examples of the type of research advocated by the
open letter for robust & beneficial AI at
http://futureoflife.org/ai-open-lette
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