251 research outputs found
Organisational Intelligence and Distributed AI
The analysis of this chapter starts from organisational theory, and from this it draws conclusions for the design, and possible organisational applications, of Distributed AI systems. We first review how the concept of organisations has emerged from non-organised "blackbox" entities to so-called "computerised" organisations. Within this context organisational researchers have started to redesign their models of intelligent organisations with respect to the availability of advanced computing technology. The recently emerged concept of Organisational Intelligence integrates these efforts in that it suggests five components of intelligent organisational skills (communication, memory, learning, cognition, problem solving). The approach integrates human and computer-based information processing and problem solving capabilities.<br/
Engineering Crowdsourced Stream Processing Systems
A crowdsourced stream processing system (CSP) is a system that incorporates
crowdsourced tasks in the processing of a data stream. This can be seen as
enabling crowdsourcing work to be applied on a sample of large-scale data at
high speed, or equivalently, enabling stream processing to employ human
intelligence. It also leads to a substantial expansion of the capabilities of
data processing systems. Engineering a CSP system requires the combination of
human and machine computation elements. From a general systems theory
perspective, this means taking into account inherited as well as emerging
properties from both these elements. In this paper, we position CSP systems
within a broader taxonomy, outline a series of design principles and evaluation
metrics, present an extensible framework for their design, and describe several
design patterns. We showcase the capabilities of CSP systems by performing a
case study that applies our proposed framework to the design and analysis of a
real system (AIDR) that classifies social media messages during time-critical
crisis events. Results show that compared to a pure stream processing system,
AIDR can achieve a higher data classification accuracy, while compared to a
pure crowdsourcing solution, the system makes better use of human workers by
requiring much less manual work effort
Analysing supply chain operation dynamics through logic-based modelling and simulation
Supply Chain Management (SCM) is becoming increasingly important in the modern
business world. In order to effectively manage and integrate a supply chain (SC), a
deep understanding of overall SC operation dynamics is needed. This involves
understanding how the decisions, actions and interactions between SC members
affect each other, and how these relate to SC performance and SC disruptions.
Achieving such an understanding is not an easy task, given the complex and dynamic
nature of supply chains. Existing simulation approaches do not provide an
explanation of simulation results, while related work on SC disruption analysis
studies SC disruptions separately from SC operation and performance.
This thesis presents a logic-based approach for modelling, simulating and
explaining SC operation that fills these gaps. SC members are modelled as logicbased
intelligent agents consisting of a reasoning layer, represented through business
rules, a process layer, represented through business processes and a communication
layer, represented through communicative actions. The SC operation model is
declaratively formalised, and a rule-based specification is provided for the execution
semantics of the formal model, thus driving the simulation of SC operation. The
choice of a logic-based approach enables the automated generation of explanations
about simulated behaviours. SC disruptions are included in the SC operation model,
and a causal model is defined, capturing relationships between different types of SC
disruptions and low SC performance. This way, explanations can be generated on
causal relationships between occurred SC disruptions and low SC performance.
This approach was analytically and empirically evaluated with the participation
of SCM and business experts. The results indicate the following: Firstly, the
approach is useful, as it allows for higher efficiency, correctness and certainty about
explanations of SC operation compared to the case of no automated explanation
support. Secondly, it improves the understanding of the domain for non-SCM experts
with respect to their correctness and efficiency; the correctness improvement is
significantly higher compared to the case of no prior explanation system use, without
loss of efficiency. Thirdly, the logic-based approach allows for maintainability and
reusability with respect to the specification of SC operation input models, the
developed simulation system and the developed explanation system
Making games ALIVE: an organisational approach
The AI techniques used in commercial games are usually predictable, inflexible and unadaptive, causing a lack of realism for the
player. In this paper, we introduce a proposal of integrating the ALIVE framework, based on Organisational theory, into commercial games. The objective of our proposal is to provide game AI developers with a methodology and tools to model gaming scenarios using social structures.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Incorporating Fairness into Development of an Integrated Multi-agent Online Dispute Resolution Environment
The paper describes the development of an integrated multi-agent online
dispute resolution environment called IMODRE that was designed to assist parties
involved in Australian family law disputes achieve legally fairer negotiated outcomes.
The system extends our previouswork in developing negotiation support systems Family_
Winner and AssetDivider. In this environment one agent uses a Bayesian Belief
Network expertly modeled with knowledge of the Australian Family Law domain to
advise disputants of their Best Alternatives to Negotiated Agreements. Another agent
incorporates the percentage split of marital property into an integrative bargaining
process and applies heuristics and game theory to equitably distribute marital property
assets and facilitate further trade-offs. We use this system to add greater fairness
to Family property law negotiations
Internet Predictions
More than a dozen leading experts give their opinions on where the Internet is headed and where it will be in the next decade in terms of technology, policy, and applications. They cover topics ranging from the Internet of Things to climate change to the digital storage of the future. A summary of the articles is available in the Web extras section
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