9,507 research outputs found
Learning Tuple Probabilities
Learning the parameters of complex probabilistic-relational models from
labeled training data is a standard technique in machine learning, which has
been intensively studied in the subfield of Statistical Relational Learning
(SRL), but---so far---this is still an under-investigated topic in the context
of Probabilistic Databases (PDBs). In this paper, we focus on learning the
probability values of base tuples in a PDB from labeled lineage formulas. The
resulting learning problem can be viewed as the inverse problem to confidence
computations in PDBs: given a set of labeled query answers, learn the
probability values of the base tuples, such that the marginal probabilities of
the query answers again yield in the assigned probability labels. We analyze
the learning problem from a theoretical perspective, cast it into an
optimization problem, and provide an algorithm based on stochastic gradient
descent. Finally, we conclude by an experimental evaluation on three real-world
and one synthetic dataset, thus comparing our approach to various techniques
from SRL, reasoning in information extraction, and optimization
Photoionization of helium by attosecond pulses: extraction of spectra from correlated wave functions
We investigate the photoionization spectrum of helium by attosecond XUV
pulses both in the spectral region of doubly excited resonances as well as
above the double ionization threshold. In order to probe for convergence, we
compare three techniques to extract photoelectron spectra from the wavepacket
resulting from the integration of the time-dependent Schroedinger equation in
a finite-element discrete variable representation basis. These techniques are:
projection on products of hydrogenic bound and continuum states, projection
onto multi-channel scattering states computed in a B-spline close-coupling
basis, and a technique based on exterior complex scaling (ECS) implemented in
the same basis used for the time propagation. These methods allow to monitor
the population of continuum states in wavepackets created with ultrashort
pulses in different regimes. Applications include photo cross sections and
anisotropy parameters in the spectral region of doubly excited resonances,
time-resolved photoexcitation of autoionizing resonances in an attosecond
pump-probe setting, and the energy and angular distribution of correlated
wavepackets for two-photon double ionization.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figure
Connectionist Inference Models
The performance of symbolic inference tasks has long been a challenge to connectionists. In this paper, we present an extended survey of this area. Existing connectionist inference systems are reviewed, with particular reference to how they perform variable binding and rule-based reasoning, and whether they involve distributed or localist representations. The benefits and disadvantages of different representations and systems are outlined, and conclusions drawn regarding the capabilities of connectionist inference systems when compared with symbolic inference systems or when used for cognitive modeling
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