113 research outputs found
Short-Packet Communications for MIMO NOMA Systems over Nakagami-m Fading: BLER and Minimum Blocklength Analysis
Recently, ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) using
short-packets has been proposed to fulfill the stringent requirements regarding
reliability and latency of emerging applications in 5G and beyond networks. In
addition, multiple-input multiple-output non-orthogonal multiple access (MIMO
NOMA) is a potential candidate to improve the spectral efficiency, reliability,
latency, and connectivity of wireless systems. In this paper, we investigate
short-packet communications (SPC) in a multiuser downlink MIMO NOMA system over
Nakagami-m fading, and propose two antenna-user selection methods considering
two clusters of users having different priority levels. In contrast to the
widely-used long data-packet assumption, the SPC analysis requires the redesign
of the communication protocols and novel performance metrics. Given this
context, we analyze the SPC performance of MIMO NOMA systems using the average
block error rate (BLER) and minimum blocklength, instead of the conventional
metrics such as ergodic capacity and outage capacity. More specifically, to
characterize the system performance regarding SPC, asymptotic (in the high
signal-to-noise ratio regime) and approximate closed-form expressions of the
average BLER at the users are derived. Based on the asymptotic behavior of the
average BLER, an analysis of the diversity order, minimum blocklength, and
optimal power allocation is carried out. The achieved results show that MIMO
NOMA can serve multiple users simultaneously using a smaller blocklength
compared with MIMO OMA, thus demonstrating the benefits of MIMO NOMA for SPC in
minimizing the transmission latency. Furthermore, our results indicate that the
proposed methods not only improve the BLER performance but also guarantee full
diversity gains for the respective users.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures. This paper has been submitted to an IEEE journal
for possible publicatio
A Tutorial on Nonorthogonal Multiple Access for 5G and Beyond
Today's wireless networks allocate radio resources to users based on the
orthogonal multiple access (OMA) principle. However, as the number of users
increases, OMA based approaches may not meet the stringent emerging
requirements including very high spectral efficiency, very low latency, and
massive device connectivity. Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) principle
emerges as a solution to improve the spectral efficiency while allowing some
degree of multiple access interference at receivers. In this tutorial style
paper, we target providing a unified model for NOMA, including uplink and
downlink transmissions, along with the extensions tomultiple inputmultiple
output and cooperative communication scenarios. Through numerical examples, we
compare the performances of OMA and NOMA networks. Implementation aspects and
open issues are also detailed.Comment: 25 pages, 10 figure
Max-Min Fairness of Rate-Splitting Multiple Access with Finite Blocklength Communications
Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA) has emerged as a flexible and powerful
framework for wireless networks. In this paper, we investigate the user
fairness of downlink multi-antenna RSMA in short-packet communications
with/without cooperative (user-relaying) transmission. We design optimal time
allocation and linear precoders that maximize the Max-Min Fairness (MMF) rate
with Finite Blocklength (FBL) constraints. The relation between the MMF rate
and blocklength of RSMA, as well as the impact of cooperative transmission are
investigated for a wide range of network loads. Numerical results demonstrate
that RSMA can achieve the same MMF rate as Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access
(NOMA) and Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) with smaller blocklengths (and
therefore lower latency), especially in cooperative transmission deployment.
Hence, we conclude that RSMA is a promising multiple access for guaranteeing
user fairness in low-latency communications.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2105.0619
Link-Layer Rate of Multiple Access Technologies with Short-Packet Communications for uRLLC
Mission-critical applications such as autonomous vehicles, tactile Internet, and factory automation require seamless connectivity with stringent requirements of latency and reliability. These futuristic applications are supported with the service class of ultra reliable and low-latency communications (uRLLC). In this thesis, the performance
of core enablers of the uRLLC, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and NOMA-random access (NOMA-RA) in conjunction with the short-packet communications regime is investigated.
More specifically, the achievable effective capacity (EC) of two-user and multi-user NOMA and conditional throughput of the NOMA-RA with short-packet communications are derived. A closed-form expressions for the EC of two-user NOMA network in finite blocklength regime (short-packet communication) is derived, while considering transmissions over Rayleigh fading channels and adopting a practical path-loss model. While considering the multi-user NOMA network, the total EC of two-user NOMA subsets is derived, which shows that the NOMA set with users having distinct channel conditions achieve maximum aggregate EC.
The comparison of link-layer rate of NOMA and orthogonal multiple access (OMA) shows that OMA with short-packet communications outperformed the NOMA at low SNR (20dB). However, at high SNR region (from 20dB to 40dB), the two-user NOMA performs much better than OMA. To further investigate the impact of the channel conditions
on the link-layer rate of NOMA and OMA, the simulation results with generalized fading model, i.e., Nakagami-m are also presented.
The NOMA-RA with short-packet communications is also regarded as the core enabler of uRLLC. How the NOMA-RA with short-packet communications access the link-layer resources is investigated in detail. The conditional throughput of NOMA-RA is derived and compared with the conventional multiple access scheme. It is clear that NOMA-RA with optimal access probability region (from 0.05 to 0.1) shows maximum performance. Finally, the thesis is concluded with future work, and impact of this research on the industrial practice are
also highlighted
Enabling Technologies for Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications: From PHY and MAC Layer Perspectives
© 1998-2012 IEEE. Future 5th generation networks are expected to enable three key services-enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine type communications and ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC). As per the 3rd generation partnership project URLLC requirements, it is expected that the reliability of one transmission of a 32 byte packet will be at least 99.999% and the latency will be at most 1 ms. This unprecedented level of reliability and latency will yield various new applications, such as smart grids, industrial automation and intelligent transport systems. In this survey we present potential future URLLC applications, and summarize the corresponding reliability and latency requirements. We provide a comprehensive discussion on physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layer techniques that enable URLLC, addressing both licensed and unlicensed bands. This paper evaluates the relevant PHY and MAC techniques for their ability to improve the reliability and reduce the latency. We identify that enabling long-term evolution to coexist in the unlicensed spectrum is also a potential enabler of URLLC in the unlicensed band, and provide numerical evaluations. Lastly, this paper discusses the potential future research directions and challenges in achieving the URLLC requirements
Cooperative NOMA-Based User Pairing for URLLC : A Max-Min Fairness Approach
In this paper, cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (C-NOMA) is considered in short packet communications with finite blocklength (FBL) codes. The performance of a decode-and-forward (DF) relaying along with selection combining (SC) and maximum ratio combining (MRC) strategies at the receiver side is examined. We explore joint user pairing and resource allocation to maximize fair throughput in a downlink (DL) scenario. In each pair, the user with a stronger channel (strong user) acts as a relay for the other one (weak user), and optimal power and blocklength are allocated to achieve max-min throughput. To this end, first, only one pair is considered, and optimal resource allocation is explored. Also, a suboptimal algorithm is suggested, which converges to a near-optimal solution. Finally, the problem is extended to a general scenario, and a suboptimal C-NOMA-based user pairing is proposed. Numerical results show that the proposed C-NOMA scheme in both SC and MRC strategies significantly improves the users’ fair throughput compared to the NOMA and OMA. It is also investigated that the proposed pairing scheme based on C-NOMA outperforms the Hybrid NOMA/OMA scheme from the average throughput perspective, while the fairness index degrades slightl
Performance Analysis of NOMA Multicast Systems Based on Rateless Codes with Delay Constraints
To achieve an efficient and reliable data transmission in time-varying conditions, a novel non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) transmission scheme based on rateless codes (NOMA-RC) is proposed in the multicast system in this paper. Using rateless codes at the packet level, the system can generate enough encoded data packets according to users’ requirements to cope with adverse environments. The performance of the NOMA-RC multicast system with delay constraints is analyzed over Rayleigh fading channels. The closed-form expressions for the frame error ratio and the average transmission time are derived for two cases which are a broadcast communication scenario (Scenario 1) and a relay communication scenario (Scenario 2). Under the condition that the quality of service for the edge user is satisfied, an optimization model of power allocation is established to maximize the sum rate. Simulation results show that Scenario 2 can provide better block error ratio performance and exhibit less transmission time than Scenario 1. When compared with orthogonal multiple access (OMA) with rateless codes system, the proposed system can save on the transmission time and improve the system throughput
FAS-assisted NOMA Short-Packet Communication Systems
In this paper, we investigate a fluid antenna system (FAS)-assisted downlink
non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for short-packet communications. The base
station (BS) adopts a single fixed antenna, while both the central user (CU)
and the cell-edge user (CEU) are equipped with a FAS. Each FAS comprises
flexible positions (also known as ports), linked to arbitrarily correlated
Rayleigh fading channels. We derive expressions for the average block error
rate (BLER) of the FAS-assisted NOMA system and provide asymptotic BLER
expressions. We determine that the diversity order for CU and CEU is ,
indicating that the system performance can be considerably improved by
increasing . Simulation results validate the great performance of FAS.Comment: Submitted to IEEE journa
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