Further Development of a Secured Unified E-Payment System in Nigeria: A Critical Viewpoint

e-Payment systems refer to the automated processes of exchanging monetary value among parties in business transactions and transmitting this value over the ICT networks. The common e-Payment channels include the payment cards (debit or credit), Online Web Portals, Point of Sales (POS) terminals, Automated Teller Machines (ATM), Mobile Phones, Automated Clearing House (ACH), direct debit/deposit and Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) system (Nnaka, 2009). The wider patronage of e-Commerce is dependent on the availability of a secured and trusted e-Payment System (Baddeley, 2004). The various categories of e-Commerce include Business-to-Business (B2B): business transactions between organizations that involve companies buying and selling to each other; Business-to-Consumer (B2C): business transactions between organizations and consumers where goods and services are sold directly to the consumer; Consumer-to-Business (C2B): business transactions between consumers and organizations, where consumers can fix prices for both goods and services offered; and Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C): business transaction between consumers among others (Ayo, 2009). Therefore, appropriate considerations must be given to these categories so that the most suitable e-Payment system can be adopted

Product Complexity, Richness of Web-based Electronic Commerce Systems and System Success: A Proposed Research Framework

Despite the popularity of the Internet/World Wide Web (Web) and the millions of web-site visits, serious conduct of electronic commerce (EC) on the web by individual consumers does not appear to have taken root. Notwithstanding security and privacy concerns, it appears that the current EC systems do not address varying levels of user needs. They fail to arouse user interest and motivation to carry out “real transactions.” This research proposes a model to argue that a “fit” between product complexity and richness of the EC environment can trigger favorable consumer behavior

Effects Of Risks On Online Consumers Purchasing Behavior: Are They Risk-Averse Or Risk-Taking?

Since the beginning of e-commerce, trustworthiness of commercial web sites has been a constant issue, and, very likely, it will continue to be. When an online shopper cannot trust a web site where he or she intends to make a purchase, the online shopper would perceive a risk of transactional security and a risk of privacy of personal information. In regard to this perceived risk in online transactions, this study is set out to find the change in the level of perceived risk in Business-to-Consumer (B2C) e-commerce and to test whether or not consumers trust a web-centric company at their first visit to the companys web site. Two major findings of this study are that about one third of those surveyed for the study feel an increased risk in B2C online transactions over the previous year, and that absolute majority of them have never or rarely shopped on a web site they are not familiar with. It is further found that even an attractive deal cannot affect the risk-averse behavior of online shopping. From the findings of the study, it is concluded that risk-averse online shopping behavior is a manifestation of increased perceived risk in B2C online transactions

Factors influence online buying behavior on online shopping: A study among UUM postgraduate students

The internet has develop new distribution channel and online transaction are rapidly increasing. This has created a need to understand how the consumer perceive and effect their buying. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine if there is any particular factors that influence the consumer buying behaviour online. Primary data was collected through a survey that were conducted on students of Universiti Utara Malaysia. Price, trust, convenience, website quality and security were identified as important factors which lead to certain buying behavior in online shopping. The world wide web is rebuild around people where social circles influence is lead to online buying. Price, trust, convenience, web design and security have been identified as important factors. Price was considered to be the most important and affecting factor for the majority of internet consumer. Most of the consumers hesitate not to shopping online, because of the insecure payment and transactions systems

Identifying Online Purchase Behaviour Through Price Perception, Marketing Communication and Web Design

Within the conduct of the study, the research adopted the TAM (Technology Acceptance) theory as the basis for identifying the factors that influence the customers to perform transactions through online sites. Furthermore, within the study as well the researcher would like to adopt the TPB (Theory Planned Behaviour) as the support of TAM theory in predicting the online consumer behaviours within the online sites. On the other hand, in analysing the respondent characteristics the researcher will run the SPSS software while in analysing the data the researcher have been run by using the PLS 3.0. In the same time, survey by means of questionnaire distribution carried out toward the respondents who used to perform transactions through online sites. Finally, this research found that the price perception, marketing communication and web design have positive and significant impact on purchase decisions. Keywords: Price Perception, Marketing Communication, Web Design, Purchase Behaviour DOI: 10.7176/ADS/81-01 Publication date:March 31st 202

THE INVESTIGATION OF THE FACTORS ASSOCIATING CONSUMERS’ TRUST IN E-COMMERCE ADOPTION

The success of electronic commerce significantly depends on providing security and privacy for its consumers’ sensitive personal information. Consumers’ lack of acceptance in electronic commerce adoption today is not merely due to the concerns on security and privacy of their personal information, but also lack of trust and reliability of web vendors. Consumers’ trust in online transactions is crucial for the continuous growth and development of electronic commerce. Since Business to Consumer (B2C) e-commerce requires the consumers to engage the technologies, the consumers face a variety of security risks. This study addressed the role of security, privacy and risk perceptions of consumers to shop online in order to establish a consensus among them. The findings provided reliability, factors analysis for the research variables and for each of the study’s research constructs, correlations as well as regression analyses for both non-online purchasers’ and online purchasers’ perspectives, and structural equation modeling (SEM) for overall model fit. The overall model was tested by AMOS 18.0 and the hypothesis, assumptions for SEM and descriptive statistics were analyzed by SPSS 12.0. The empirical results of the first study indicated that there were poor correlations existed between consumers’ perceived security and consumers’ trust as well as between consumers’ perceived privacy and consumers’ trust regarding e-commerce transactions. However, the construct of perceived privacy manifested itself primarily through perceived security and trustworthiness of web vendors. While trustworthiness of web vendors was a critical factor in explaining consumers’ trust to adopt ecommerce, it was important to pay attention to the consumers’ risk concerns on ecommerce transactions. It was found that economic incentives and institutional trust had no impact on consumers’ perceived risk. Findings from the second study indicated that perceived privacy was still to be the slight concern for consumers’ trust in e-commerce transactions, though poor vi i relationships or associations existed between perceived security and consumers’ trust, between trustworthiness of web vendors and consumers’ trust, and between perceived risk and consumers’ trust. The findings also showed that the construct of perceived privacy manifested itself primarily through perceived security and trustworthiness of web vendors. It was found that though economic incentives influenced a consumers’ perceived risk in online transactions, institutional trust had no impact on consumers’ perceived risk. Overall findings suggested that consumers’ perceived risk influenced their trust in e-commerce transactions, while the construct of perceived privacy manifested itself primarily through perceived security as well as trustworthiness of web vendors. In addition, though economic incentives had no impact on consumers’ perceived risk, institutional trust influenced a consumers’ perceived risk in online transactions. The findings also suggested that economic incentives and institutional trust had relationships or associations with consumers’ perceived privacy. The findings from this research showed that consumers’ perceived security and perceived privacy were not mainly concerned to their trust in e-commerce transactions though consumers’ perceived security and perceived privacy might slightly influence on the trustworthiness of web vendors in dealing with online store sites abroad. Furthermore, consumers’ perceptions on the trustworthiness of web vendors were also related to their perceived risks and the concern about privacy was also addressed to perceived risks. Index terms: Perceived security; perceived privacy; perceived risk; trust; consumers’ behaviour; SE

Trust-based content filtering: Investigating the association between assurance seals, source expertise, and topics of online product reviews

Online product reviews are a significant component affecting transactions in business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce. The sheer volume of online reviews makes it virtually impossible for buyers to systematically process all reviews available. Drawing on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and web assurance seals (AS) literature, we investigate the association between two trust-building proxies included in reviews: verified buyer flag (VBF) and reviewer’s technical understanding (TU), and topics discussed in online product reviews. Our results indicate that both VBF and TU affect review content. From a practical perspective, we provide a means of content filtering that can be implemented at a recommender system level to reduce information overload prospective buyers are subjected to. From a theoretical perspective our results indicate there is an identifiable shift that has occurred in the e-commerce environment. More specifically, the evolution of the web has brought elements of consumer-to-consumer (C2C) interactions into the space typically reserved for B2C landscape, where sellers also act as intermediaries facilitating information exchange between buyers

An Empirical Study on Factors Influencing Consumers’ Trust in E-Commerce

In today's business scenario Internet is one of the key contributors in the globalization of markets which have become one of the main sources of capital flows to emerging economies. Internet technology has adopted for various application like E-governance, E-Procurement and E-commerce. E-Commerce has many advantages such as efficiency and flexibility but also disadvantages such as threat, security and fraud. In General Context, the consumer prefers to purchase the product through physical location rather than through E-Commerce. As the approach is based on the trust, there is a need to identify and analyze the factors such as security, privacy and familiarities that are affecting the trust in electronic transactions. Further, this paper provides an overview of role of trust in e-commerce and attempts to answer the questions such as how the trust can be established between the consumer and online vendor so they can purchase the product through E-commerce. In addition, the finding suggests that perceived security of E- transaction on trust is intervened by perceived privacy and perceived familiarities, and consumer’s trust in E- transaction is considerably related with the reliability of E- vendors. Also consumer’s trust is negatively related with perceived risks in E- transactions. However, there is no important impact from perceived privacy, security and familiarities to the trust in E- transactions. Keywords: WWW- World Wide Web,Trust, E-Commerce,

Support for decision making on the World Wide Web : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Information Science in Computer Science at Massey University, Turitea Campus, Palmerston North, New Zealand

This research explores tool support for information retrieval and comparison of multiple pieces of information on the web. The study identifies the main goals users may have in mind when using the Internet in this way, and the necessary activities users complete to fulfill their goals. The main goals web users have are information search, entertainment and consumer to business transactions. The tasks users perform on the web to fulfill their goals include collecting, comparing, filtering and processing web information. These tasks form a decision-making cycle on the web and depending on the goal at hand, users may or may not necessarily undertake all the tasks or sub-steps in any sequential order. Industry web support tools have been analyzed to find out how effective they are in supporting a common user's activities. These tools include web browsers (Netcaptor Browser and Internet Explorer), editing tools (Notes Pilot and Edit Pad), plug-ins, research tools and window management systems. Both browsers are poor at arranging multiple windows and excellent at opening web sites. The Internet Explorer browser proved to be better than the Netcaptor browser at a number of activities including, selecting web content, copying web text and images and pasting web content into editing documents. When used with either browser. Microsoft Windows is good for arranging windows but poor in switching windows views, scrolling windows and resizing and re-positioning windows. Both editing tools are poor at re-positioning and formatting web content from an HTML environment to a text-based environment. The Notes Pilot tool is also poor in making calculations and returning to the browser. It is excellent at saving work and retrieving old files. The Edit Pad tool is successful at all other activities except re-positioning and formatting web content. It can be seen that tool support is lacking or current web-based tools support the user poorly in a number of areas. The need for an integrated web support tool has been identified. The functional and non-functional requirements have been specified, the tool designed, implemented and evaluated by users. The users were requested to complete a questionnaire and conduct a think-aloud walk-through session while completing three tasks using the integrated web support tool. The sessions were observed and results recorded. Most of the users strongly agreed with the proposition that the tool would be useful for personal or academic activities. The users recognized the tool's novelty, its efficiency, and also indicated an overall level of satisfaction. The users were less satisfied about referring back to web sites, getting the software to do exactly what they wanted and arranging the work space to meet their needs. Changes were made to the tool