Infrastructure Design, Signalling and Security in Railway

Railway transportation has become one of the main technological advances of our society. Since the first railway used to carry coal from a mine in Shropshire (England, 1600), a lot of efforts have been made to improve this transportation concept. One of its milestones was the invention and development of the steam locomotive, but commercial rail travels became practical two hundred years later. From these first attempts, railway infrastructures, signalling and security have evolved and become more complex than those performed in its earlier stages. This book will provide readers a comprehensive technical guide, covering these topics and presenting a brief overview of selected railway systems in the world. The objective of the book is to serve as a valuable reference for students, educators, scientists, faculty members, researchers, and engineers

Distance education in international perspective : the British Open University and prospects for establishing an Egyptian equivalent

This study is concerned with the scope of distance education and tries to provide a framework for the establishment of an Egyptian Open University in the light of the Open University of the United Kingdom.The scope of distance education dealt with, represents the historical background and the literature related to it. Some special attention is paid to the economic aspects of distance teaching, and a survey of international perspectives on distance higher education. These sections are in the form of a descriptive analysis, and provide background and context for the Egyptian decision-makers for purposes of comparison and support.The British Open University system is then selected for study due to the fact that it is the most remarkable innovation in this field, and is respected in many countries. It is because of this that the empirical section of the study, undertaken in Egypt, is based on the British Open University system. This way, the possibilities of applying a similar system for Egyptian higher and continuing education can be judged. Questionnaires were devised by the writer and administered to the academic staff at 11 Egyptian Universities, directors of radio and television educational broadcasts, and the National Council for Research and Technology have been examined to see the extent to which the UKOU model is acceptable and applicable in Egypt.The outcome proved to be positive. Some clear conclusions derived from this positive outcome. For instance, with respect to the proposed Egyptian Open University, the results of the questionnaire show that undergraduate and associate students courses should be the only programmes in the first phase of its establishment; General Secondary School Certificate holders and their equivalents should be admitted; admission policy should not consider the total marks in G.S.S.C. examination; teaching staff appointments should be on the basis of excellent academic experience, and ability in designing courses on a distance teaching basis with evidence of written materials and books; Course texts should be distributed with other printed materials by the local study centres after receiving them from the proposed University H.Q. - to avoid some disadvantages of the mail delivery; the course team approach is favoured as its functioning at the UKOU shows it to be a suitable approach for preparing courses and materials; the Radio and Television role in teaching must be central to the new institution but some organising operations, especially the times of broadcasting and the role of the third channel at the Egyptian Television, need to be carefully rephased so as to cover all the locations of Egypt; Tanta City should be selected to be the H.Q. as it is located in the middle of the Nile Delta; public finance is the best way of supporting the proposed university, though some support could be given either by central government or locally.Finally it could be said that the international evidence of widespread distance education experience and development at a tertiary level justifies the idea of the establishment of an Egyptian Open University, and that much of the structure and operation of the British Open University would be a desirable and applicable model

Promoting Girls' Education in Africa - The Design and Implementation of Policy Interventions

Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

Advances in Public Transport Platform for the Development of Sustainability Cities

Modern societies demand high and varied mobility, which in turn requires a complex transport system adapted to social needs that guarantees the movement of people and goods in an economically efficient and safe way, but all are subject to a new environmental rationality and the new logic of the paradigm of sustainability. From this perspective, an efficient and flexible transport system that provides intelligent and sustainable mobility patterns is essential to our economy and our quality of life. The current transport system poses growing and significant challenges for the environment, human health, and sustainability, while current mobility schemes have focused much more on the private vehicle that has conditioned both the lifestyles of citizens and cities, as well as urban and territorial sustainability. Transport has a very considerable weight in the framework of sustainable development due to environmental pressures, associated social and economic effects, and interrelations with other sectors. The continuous growth that this sector has experienced over the last few years and its foreseeable increase, even considering the change in trends due to the current situation of generalized crisis, make the challenge of sustainable transport a strategic priority at local, national, European, and global levels. This Special Issue will pay attention to all those research approaches focused on the relationship between evolution in the area of transport with a high incidence in the environment from the perspective of efficiency

Strategy Model To Build Employee Discipline

Employee’s discipline is an essential factor in achieving corporate objectives, however numerous managers are not able to adapt ideal leadership behaviour, reward and punishment to improve employee’s discipline. Based on present study analysis, reward and punishment have a positive and significant impact towards the non-physical environment which could be seen from the positive result of coefficient value which is around 0.2165 with T-statistics more than 1.96 around 2.059. It can be concluded that punishment influences non-physical environment since it affects psychological condition of the employee. Besides, reward and punishment also play important role in improving employee discipline. Fair treatment of the manager in regard to reward and punishment depicts manager’s ability to be objective in enforcing corporate regulations. The present condition creates a comfortable and stable environment for the employee in performing their duty. Non-physical working environment is based on four indicators which are: monitoring, working environment, reward and fair treatment. The indicators mentioned above influence positive and significant impacts toward work discipline. Corporate managers need to consider psychological characters of the employee in implementing reward and punishment scheme as the improvement to enhance discipline of the employee Keywords Reward and punishment, non-physical work environment, employee disciplin

Model of Customer Knowledge Level of Moslem Women and Its Impact on Hijab Purchase Decisions in Surabaya Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to prevent further misunderstanding regarding hijab for Moslems in Surabaya, understanding the correct knowledge of hijab will affect hijab manufacturers to produce hijab in accordance with Islamic Shari’a. This research is causal conclusive type with quantitative approach, since it aims to test specific relations. Analytical technique used in this research is logistic regression analysis to reveal the strength of prediction on knowledge level towards hijab purchasing decision. The results that the level of customer knowledge in hijab purchase is still at the level of know-how, which is not yet at the know-why level. Customer’s buying decision of hijab is based on the quality and color of the fabric, then whether the brand is famous or not. Afterwards, customer generally gains more knowledge regarding hijab and prefer hijab that is complying Islamic Shari'a. Keywords Hijab, Moslem Women, Level of Customer Knowledge, Hijab Purchase Decisions

Active Commuting and Active Transportation

This book focuses on active transport as a way to increase physical activity levels. Active commuting and active transportation on foot or by bicycle create opportunities for physical activity, provide transportation options for those without a car, encourage social cohesion, and reduce contributions to air pollution