Challenges of electricity market liberalization in the Baltic countries

In the article there are analyzed the electricity market opening issues in the European Union and especially in the Baltic countries. The aim of the article is to find out and specify the main challenges for Baltic countries in electricity market liberalization process. The Baltic countries are going to face many challenges to secure their energy supply and cooperate regionally. For completion of the research task there are analyzed experiences from Scandinavian countries electricity market liberalization. --Economics of Regulation,Government Policy and Regulation,Regulated Industries,Electricity Market

Implementing Congestion Pricing on Metropolitan Highway Networks with Self-Financing Public-Private Partnerships

This paper presents a new public-private partnership model for road pricing applications either at the facility level or on a region-wide highway network. The model addresses issues of monopoly power and efficiency of delivery of transportation services. The paper also addresses issues relating to financial self-sufficiency of integrated multimodal pricing strategies and assesses the financial self-sufficiency of an ambitious region-wide pricing concept that integrates multimodal mobility choices

Implementing Congestion Pricing on Metropolitan Highway Networks with Self-Financing Public-Private Partnerships

This paper presents a new public-private partnership model for road pricing applications either at the facility level or on a region-wide highway network. The model addresses issues of monopoly power and efficiency of delivery of transportation services. The paper also addresses issues relating to financial self-sufficiency of integrated multimodal pricing strategies and assesses the financial self-sufficiency of an ambitious region-wide pricing concept that integrates multimodal mobility choices

Overview of Infrastructure Charging, part 4, IMPROVERAIL Project Deliverable 9, “Improved Data Background to Support Current and Future Infrastructure Charging Systems”

Improverail aims are to further support the establishment of railway infrastructure management in accordance with Directive 91/440, as well as the new railway infrastructure directives, by developing the necessary tools for modelling the management of railway infrastructure; by evaluating improved methods for capacity and resources management, which allow the improvement of the Life Cycle Costs (LCC) calculating methods, including elements related to vehicle - infrastructure interaction and external costs; and by improving data background in support of charging for use of railway infrastructure. To achieve these objectives, Improverail is organised along 8 workpackages, with specific objectives, responding to the requirements of the task 2.2.1/10 of the 2nd call made in the 5th RTD Framework Programme in December 1999.This part is the task 7.1 (Review of infrastructure charging systems) to the workpackage 7 (Analysis of the relation between infrastructure cost variation and diversity of infrastructure charging systems).Before explaining the economic characteristics of railway and his basic pricing principles, authors must specify the objectives of railways infrastructure charging.principle of pricing ; rail infrastructure charging ; public service obligation ; rail charging practice ; Europe ; Improverail

European Railway Comparisons – Company Profiles

This work was undertaken as part of a project sponsored by the British Railways Board entitled `European Railway Comparisons'. The aims of this project are as follows: (i)To compare the current efficiency of European railway operators and examine recent trends at both aggregate and disaggregate levels. (ii)To assess the effects of economies of scale and economies of density on European rail operations. (iii)To make an exploratory assessment of the potential for further disaggregation by market type (InterCity, Commuter, Freight) in order to make detailed comparisons of market shares. The main methods employed to carry out this study are as follows: (i)A review of the literature on railway cost and productivity analysis. Preliminary findings are given in Working Paper 354 and a paper presented to the World Conference on Transport Research (Nash, C.A. and Preston, J.M. (1992) "Assessing the Performance of European Railways"). (ii)Collation of published data for 13 European State Railway Operators. (iii)Face to face interviews with managers at the 13 State Railway companies in order to check our understanding of published data sources, gain more infomation at a disaggregate level (administered by a self completion questionnaire) and obtain an understanding of the institutional background. This report summarises some of the background information that was obtained from the interviews undertaken in the summer of 1992. A company profile is developed for each operator under four main headings: Objectives and Management, Finance, the Freight Market and the Passenger Market

Energy patterns for business model innovation

Several transformations are occurring in the energy sector, from new emerging technologies, governmental pressure for decarbonisation and clean energy targets, to new market regulations. This changes impact on how the energy is produced and distributed to consumers, increasing the urge for energy utilities to innovate their traditional established business models, to remain competitive in the energy landscape. Business model innovation is essential to organizational performance, and it has the power to change the logic of entire industries. Business model patterns are a promising tool to support business model innovation, which can be described as solutions to recurrent problems in a business model context. Although there are several published collections of business model patterns, a structured overview on energy patterns in order to support business model innovation in the energy field is missing. In the interest of filling the gap between business models and the energy sector, an energy pattern taxonomy for business model innovation was created. Applying the modified-Delphi card sorting methodology by Paul (2008), in an iterative way, 1 expert in business models and in the energy field was asked to perform a card sorting activity in a model revised and validated by 2 other experts in a previous phase, resulting in a taxonomy with 51 energy patterns organized in 10 meaningful groups. This pattern taxonomy is useful to help energy utilities to innovate and reform their business models, and it can be used from academics and scholars to managers to innovate the business models of their firms.O sector da energia está a sofrer diversas transformações, desde novas tecnologias emergentes, pressões governamentais face a metas de descarbonização e energia limpa, a novas regulações do mercado. Estas mudanças impactam na forma como a energia é produzida e distribuída aos consumidores, aumentado a urgência de inovação das modelos de negócio estabelecidos das utilities energéticas, de forma a manter a sua competitividade no sector. A inovação de modelos de negócio é essencial ao desempenho das organizações, tendo o poder de afectar a lógica de negócio de todo o sector. Padrões de modelos de negócio são uma ferramenta promissora para apoiar a inovação, sendo descritos como soluções já comprovadas para problemas recorrentes. Apesar de existiram diversas colecções de padrões de modelos de negócio na literatura, está em falta uma visão global e estruturada sobre padrões de energia. No interesse de preencher a lacuna entre modelos de negócio e o sector energético, foi criada uma taxonomia de padrões de energia para apoiar inovação no sector. Aplicando a metodologia Delphi modificada (Paul, 2008), de uma forma iterativa, 1 especialista em modelos de negócio e em energia realizou uma actividade de card sortig num modelo revisto e validado por 2 outros especialistas, numa fase anterior, resultando numa taxonomia com 51 padrões organizados em 10 grupos significativos. A taxonomia final resultante será útil para apoiar as utilities energéticas a inovar e reformar os seus modelos de negócio, podendo ser usada desde académicos a gestores com o objectivo de inovar os seus modelos de negócio