Optimal Placement of FACTS Controllers for Congestion Management in the Deregulated Power System

This paper proposes a methodology to determine the optimal location of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) controllers for Congestion Management (CM) in the restructured electrical power system. An approach to find the optimum placement of Thyristor Controlled Phase Angle Regulators (TCPAR) and Thyristor Controlled Series Compensators (TCSC) has been proposed in this paper. The proposed methodology is based on the sensitivity of transmission loss which a controller is installed. The total system losses and the power flows are considered as the performance indices. The traditional optimal power flow (OPF) problem is modified to include the market players, who will compete and trade simultaneously, ensuring the system operation stays within the security limits. In this paper, pool and bilateral contracts are considered. Here, an integrated methodology is proposed that includes the FACTS Controllers in a bilateral contract framework to maintain the system security and to minimize the deviations from the contractual requirements. The simulation results on IEEE 30 bus system show that the sensitivity factors could be used effectively for the optimal location of FACTS controllers in response to the required objectives

Ubicación óptima de dispositivos FACTS en redes eléctricas de transmisión mediante búsqueda inteligente

In an electrical power system (SEP) the transmission stage is very important since it is responsible for carrying the electrical energy at great distances, until reaching the stage of subtransmission to be later distributed. FACTS devices are placed on the system bars to modify the existing power flow to maximize the capacity of the transmission lines, but placing these devices in all the bars involves a very high cost. It is necessary to intelligently locate these devices to achieve the redirection of power flow with as few devices as possible. In the present research, the Harmony Search (HS) metaheuristic is used for the optimal location of FACTS devices in the transmission network, both SVC and SVR. FACTS devices are optimally located, minimizing costs, and improving reagents and system voltage profilesEn un sistema eléctrico de potencia (SEP) la etapa de transmisión es muy importante ya que es la encargada de llevar la energía eléctrica a grandes distancias, hasta llegar a la etapa de subtransmisión para posteriormente ser distribuida. Se coloca dispositivos FACTS en las barras del sistema para modificar el flujo de potencia existente con la finalidad de aprovechar al máximo la capacidad de las líneas de transmisión, pero ubicar dichos dispositivos en todas las barras implica un costo muy elevado. Es necesario ubicar de manera inteligente dichos dispositivos para lograr el redireccionamiento del flujo de potencia con el menor número de dispositivos posible. En la presente investigación se hace uso de la metaheurística Harmony Search (HS) para la ubicación óptima de dispositivos FACTS en la red de trasmisión, tanto SVC como SVR. Se logra ubicar de manera óptima los dispositivos FACTS, minimizando costos y mejorando reactivos y perfiles de voltaje del sistema

Congestion Management by Applying Co-operative FACTS and DR program to Maximize Renewables

This research proposes an incremental welfare consensus method based on flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) and demand response (DR) programs to control transmission network congestion in order to increase the penetration of wind power. The locational marginal prices are used as input by the suggested model to control the FACTS device and DR resources. In order to do this, a cutting-edge two-stage market clearing system is created. In the first stage, participants bid on the market with the intention of maximizing their profits, and the ISO clears the market with the goal of promoting societal welfare. The second step involves the execution of a generation re-dispatch issue in which incentive-based DR and FACTS device controllers are optimally coordinated to reduce the rescheduling expenses for generating firms. Here, a static synchronous compensator and a series capacitor operated by a thyristor are used as two different forms of FACTS devices. A case study on the modified IEEE one-area 24-bus RTS system is then completed. The simulation results show that the suggested interactive DR and FACTS model not only reduces system congestion but also makes the system more flexible so that it can capture as much wind energy as feasible.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures, 8 table

A Comprehensive Review of Congestion Management in Power System

In recent decades, restructuring has cut across all probable domains, involving the power supply industry. The restructuring has brought about considerable changes whereby electricity is now a commodity and has become a deregulated one. These competitive markets have paved the way for countless entrants. This has caused overload and congestion on transmission lines. In addition, the open access transmission network has created a more intensified congestion issue. Therefore, congestion management on power systems is relevant and central significance to the power industry. This manuscript review few congestion management techniques, consists of Reprogramming Generation (GR), Load Shedding, Optimal Distributed Generation (DG) Location, Nodal Pricing, Free Methods, Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Fuzzy Logic System Method, as well as Additional Renewable Energy Sources. In this manuscript a review work is performed to unite the entire publications on congestion management

A Comprehensive Review of Congestion Management in Power System

In recent decades, restructuring has cut across all probable domains, involving the power supply industry. The restructuring has brought about considerable changes whereby electricity is now a commodity and has become a deregulated one. These competitive markets have paved the way for countless entrants. This has caused overload and congestion on transmission lines. In addition, the open access transmission network has created a more intensified congestion issue. Therefore, congestion management on power systems is relevant and central significance to the power industry. This manuscript review few congestion management techniques, consists of Reprogramming Generation (GR), Load Shedding, Optimal Distributed Generation (DG) Location, Nodal Pricing, Free Methods, Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Fuzzy Logic System Method, as well as Additional Renewable Energy Sources. In this manuscript a review work is performed to unite the entire publications on congestion management

Hyper-heuristic strategies for optimal power flow problem with FACTS devices allocation in wind power integrated system

This research provides hyper-heuristic methodologies for solving Optimal Power Flow (OPF) issues in power system networks with Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices. OPF can be treated as one of the demanding challenges in the power system operating networks. To address the problems of loss and cost reduction, three types of FACTS devices will be studied in this paper: Static VAR Compensator (SVC), Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC), and Thyristor-Controlled Phase Shifter (TCPS). Two high level hyper-heuristic (HHH) approaches, called Exponential Monte Carlo with counter (EMCQ) and randomly select-Only Improving (OI), are employed as high-level metaheuristic to select and leverage the effectiveness of four low-level metaheuristics (LLH). These low-level metaheuristics comprise the Moth-Flame Optimizer (MFO), Barnacles Mating Optimizer (BMO), Teaching-Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) and Gradient-Based Optimizer (GBO). The usage of HHH solving the OPF problem is tested on the modified IEEE 30 bus system that integrates the thermal generators with the wind power. Findings of the study demonstrated the promising results by HHH which manages to outperform all the selected LLH algorithms

Ubicación óptima de SVCS en sistemas eléctricos de transmisión para la compensación de potencia reactiva basada en programación no lineal entera mixta

The stability of transmission systems currently has become a topic of study of great importance with the objective of achieving a robust system that can be maintained over time ensuring basic reliability indexes. Thus, maintaining adequate voltage levels within the power electrical systems (SEP) is important. The integration of reactive compensators devices is an option when improving the stability of the system, however the cost they have in the market are high. The present paper develops a model for the optimal location of SVCs through the use of optimization techniques, based on mixed integer nonlinear programming. The algorithm is validated in the 30-bus system of the IEEE; applying operating restrictions, minimizing the costs of implementation of the compensators to find the best location of these devices in the system, improving their stability at the lowest cost.La estabilidad de los sistemas de transmisión actualmente se ha convertido en un tema de estudio de gran importancia con el objetivo de conseguir un sistema robusto, que pueda mantenerse operando a lo largo del tiempo asegurando índices básicos de confiabilidad y calidad de servicio. Es así que el mantener los niveles de voltaje adecuados dentro de los sistemas eléctricos de potencia (SEP) es importante. La integración de dispositivos compensadores de reactivos resulta ser una opción al momento de mejorar la estabilidad del sistema, sin embargo, los costos que estos tienen en el mercado son elevados. El presente artículo, desarrolla un modelo para la óptima ubicación de SVCs mediante el uso de técnicas de optimización, basado en programación no lineal entera mixta. El algoritmo es validado en el sistema de 30 barras de la IEEE; aplicando restricciones de operación, minimizando los costos de implementación de los compensadores para encontrar la mejor ubicación de estos dispositivos en el sistema mejorando su estabilidad al menor costo

Óptima ubicación de SVC en sistemas de distribución mediante búsqueda exhaustiva para mejora de perfiles de voltaje

La ubicación de compensadores en los sistemas de distribución puede incrementar la estabilidad del sistema, puede mejorar su robustez y brindar una mayor confiabilidad en el abastecimiento de la demanda y la calidad de suministro de electricidad, razón por la cual, es de mucha importancia realizar estudios eléctricos sobre la incorporación de compensadores en redes de distribución. Con lo mencionado anteriormente, se puede describir que el presente trabajo establecerá un modelo de optimización el cual tiene la finalidad de buscar la ubicación óptima de SVC en sistemas eléctricos de distribución mediante búsqueda exhaustiva con el fin de mejorar los perfiles de voltaje en base a la compensación reactiva que inyecta el SVC al sistema. El modelo de optimización será resuelto en el software de optimización GAMS mediante flujos óptimos de potencia y posteriormente simulado en MATLAB-SIMULINK el cual es un software de programación visual con el propósito de validar resultados entre ambos simuladores. Las variables eléctricas como resultado de la optimización y de la simulación permitirán evaluar la mejora de los perfiles de voltaje, la minimización de pérdidas de potencia y la mejora de los flujos de potencia reactiva para cada de estudio que se llevarán a cabo en los sistemas eléctricos planteados para la investigación.he location of compensators in distribution systems can increase the stability of the system, improve its robustness and provide greater reliability in supplying the demand and the quality of electricity supply, which is why it is very important to carry out studies electricity on the incorporation of compensators in distribution networks. With the aforementioned, it can be described that this work will establish an optimization model which has the purpose of finding the optimal location of SVC in electrical distribution systems through exhaustive search in order to improve the voltage profiles based on the reactive compensation that injects the SVC into the system. The optimization model will be solved in the GAMS optimization software using optimal power flows and later simulated in MATLAB-SIMULINK which is a visual programming software with the purpose of validating results between both simulators. The electrical variables as a result of the optimization and simulation will allow to evaluate the improvement of the voltage profiles, the minimization of power losses and the improvement of the reactive power flows for each study that will be carried out in the electrical systems raised for research

Planeación óptima de flujos de potencia reactiva en sistemas eléctricos de transmisión basado en optimización no lineal entera mixta

En la actualidad la planeación óptima de potencia reactiva en los sistemas eléctricos cumple una de las funciones más importantes para el control, al tener como finalidad mejorar el margen de estabilidad del sistema eléctrico. La metodología de control de tensión y redistribución de los flujos en las líneas de transmisión tiene como objetivo principal alcanzar una mejora global en la seguridad y estabilidad del sistema. Para poder lograrlo, utiliza tres aspectos fundamentales: garantizar una buena calidad del servicio, establecer niveles adecuados de tensión y reservas de potencia reactiva, y realizar controles eficientes desde un punto de vista económico. En la planeación de potencia reactiva en los sistemas eléctricos de transmisión, es necesario la implementación de equipos compensadores, con lo cual se logre tener una mejora en el rango de tensión nodal y del componente reactivo. El presente trabajo, muestra una metodología que permita reducir los costos de implementación de equipos compensadores, encontrando la ubicación óptima en el sistema mejorando su estabilidad al menor costo.At present, the optimal planning of reactive power in the electrical systems fulfills one of the most important functions for the control, having to adjust the stability margin of the electrical system. The methodology of tension control and redistribution of the flows in the transmission lines has as main objective to achieve a global improvement in the security and stability of the system. To achieve this, use three fundamental aspects: request a good quality of service, establish voltage levels and reactive power reserves, and perform efficient controls from an economic point of view. In the planning of reactive power in the electrical transmission systems, the implementation of compensating equipment is necessary, thus achieving an improvement in the range of nodal voltage and the reactive component. The present work shows a methodology that allows reducing the costs of implementing compensating equipment, finding the optimal location in the system, improving its stability at the lowest cost. Keywords: Reactive power flows, Power balance, Reactive power, Stability, Voltage profiles, Optimization techniques