Medical image encryption techniques: a technical survey and potential challenges

Among the most sensitive and important data in telemedicine systems are medical images. It is necessary to use a robust encryption method that is resistant to cryptographic assaults while transferring medical images over the internet. Confidentiality is the most crucial of the three security goals for protecting information systems, along with availability, integrity, and compliance. Encryption and watermarking of medical images address problems with confidentiality and integrity in telemedicine applications. The need to prioritize security issues in telemedicine applications makes the choice of a trustworthy and efficient strategy or framework all the more crucial. The paper examines various security issues and cutting-edge methods to secure medical images for use with telemedicine systems

A Naïve Visual Cryptographic Algorithm for the Transfer of Compressed Medical Images

The transmission of a suitably compressed image over a bandwidth, over long distances, gives rise towards a new era in the field of information technology. A gradual increase in this appending scenic application, involving the transfer of the images securely over the Ethernet has become an increasingly important aspect to be addressed during thou phenomenon, especially in the transfer of the digital medical images vividly, encapsulated with abundant information related to these images. The compressed medical images of the DICOM format contain certain amount of confidential data, pertaining to a clinical research or to an individual, and the confidentiality of the same has to be preserved from various security threats and eves-dropping. With a widespread applications among various multimedia applicative systems, telemedicine, medical imaging, military and certain safety-critical applications, inter-net and intra-net communicative applications, etc, a reliable transfer of suitable information, efficiently & securely is considered as one of the revolutionary aims in today’s communication technology and visual cryptographic methodologies. Real-time applications as such detailed above majorly is concerned with the security measures and many algorithms have been developed as a proof for various visual cryptographic methodologies. In this paper we propose an efficient and a reliable visual cryptographic methodology which focuses on the encryption and decryption of the two-dimensional DICOM standard compressed medical image, effectively.  This paper discusses an efficient design of 192 bit encoder using AES Rijndael Algorithm with the decomposition of an image into square image size blocks and the image blocks are shuffled using 2D CAT map. The shuffling of the image blocks/pixels employs a Logistic map of these image pixels coupled with 2D mapping of the pixels of the DICOM standard medical image, generated randomly, being the control parameter thereby creating a confusion between the cipher and the plain image, gradually increasing the resistive factor against the significant attacks. This paper proposes various analytical metrics such as correlation analysis, entropy analysis, homogeneity analysis, energy analysis, contrast and mean of absolute deviation analysis, to evaluate the proposed algorithm, and their suitability in image encryption applications

PRIVACY INFORMATION PROTECTION IN AN ENCRYPTED COMPRESSED H.264 VIDEO BITSTREAM

The paper presents that encryption of compressed video bit streams and hiding privacy information to protect videos during transmission or cloud storage. Digital video sometimes needs to be stored and processed in an encrypted format to maintain security and privacy. Here, data hiding directly in the encrypted version of H.264/AVC video stream is approached, which includes the following three parts. By analyzing he property of H.264/AVC codec, the code words of intra prediction modes, the code words of motion vector differences, and the code words of residual coefficients are encrypted with stream ciphers. Then, a data hider may embed additional data in the encrypted domain by using wrapping technique, without knowing the original video content. The paper results shows that used methods provides better performance in terms of computation efficiency, high data security and video quality after decryption. The parameters such as RMSE, PSNR, CC are evaluated to measure its efficienc

Recent Trends in Image Encryption: A Review

Security of multimedia data is gaining acceptance owing to the growth and acceptability of images in various applications and in telecommunication. Encryption is one of the ways to ensure high security of images as they are used in many fields such as in secure medical imaging services, military intelligence, internet and intranet communication, e-banking etc. These images are stored or transmitted through a network; hence the security of such image data is important. In this work, recently developed encryption techniques are studied and analyzed to promote further development of more encryption methods to ensure additional security and versatility. All the techniques reviewed came into existence within the last five years (2011-2015) and are found to be useful for the present day encryption applications. Each technique is unique in its own way, which might be suitable for different applications. As time goes on, new encryption techniques are evolving. Hence, fast and secure conventional encryption techniques will always be needed in applications requiring high rate of security

Medical and Biological Image Analysis

Today, technology and information communication are deeply embedded in our life. Information is present and used in many forms: electronic documents, audio, videos, photos, etc. Recent advances in technology, particularly in the computer industry and communication, have motivated organisations to replace their traditional manually stored and exchanged records with computer systems and digital documents for secure storage and smooth transmission. Medical and biological image processing is a numerical method and technique for modifying a digital image to improve or extract information. The main stages of image processing are