Demographic Change and Public Sector Budgets in a Federal System

This paper examines the effects of demographic change on public finances in a federal system. We develop a simple methodical procedure to measure the effect of demographic changes on public revenues and expenditures. We apply our method to the local, state and federal government sector as well as on the social security system in Germany. Our results suggest that demographic change will lead to significant vertical fiscal imbalances between the different layers of government. In addition we show, that subnational governments can generate a demographic dividend whereas the social security system and the federal government have to carry an additional burden due to ageing.fiscal federalism, demographic change, sustainability of public finances

School Budgets and Student Achievement in California: The Principal's Perspective

Presents the results of workshops conducted with 45 elementary, middle, and high school principals from California public schools. Documents the variety of resource allocation strategies used by principals to maximize student academic performance

Gender Auditing in a Capability Approach

Feminist studies have developed several tools to assess the gender impact of public policy and, in particular, of public budgets. We introduce an innovative approach to gender auditing of public budgets inspired by the capability approach. On the one hand we expand the scope of assessing the gender policy impact taking into account women’s multidimensional wellbeing, on the other hand, we use a women’s perspective to conceptualize the capability approach and make it operational in the space of public policies. Within this extended reproductive approach, gender budgets could become a tool for advancing a reflection on social and individual well being and for greater transparency on the gender division of labour, the distribution of resources and sharing of responsibilitiesHuman development; Economics of gender; Gender auditing; Capabilty approach

Experimental Estimates of the Impacts of Class Size on Test Scores: Robustness and Heterogeneity

Proponents of class size reductions draw heavily on the results from Project STAR to support their initiatives. Adding to the political appeal of these initiative are reports that minority and economically disadvantaged students received the largest benefits from smaller classes. We extend this research in two directions. First, to address correlated outcomes from the same class size treatment, we account for the over-rejection of the Null hypotheses by using multiple inference procedures. Second, we conduct a more detailed examination of the heterogeneous impacts of class size reductions on measures of cognitive and noncognitive achievement using more flexible models. We find that students with higher test scores received greater benefits from class size reductions. Furthermore, we present evidence that the main effects of the small class treatment are robust to corrections for the multiple hypotheses being tested. However, these same corrections lead the differential impacts of smaller classes by race and freelunch status to become statistically insignificant.class size; multiple inference; unconditional quantile regression; treatment effect heterogeneity; test score gaps; and education experiment

EDUCATIONAL BUSINESS IN INDONESIA: ITS SCIENTIFIC QUALITY AND PROFESSIONAL BUSINESS CHALLENGE

This study discovers concept and principles to become new theories regarding educational business, study business theories with regard to educational business format, business planning, strategic management, marketing management, financial management and educational business ethics. Some educational business success in Indonesia has executed well by formal and informal organization in university level, study group and courses. This is implicative scientific development and educational business new theories. Practically the theories would directive for educational business entrepreneur to have such new business, increasing professional capability in order managing such organization to improve business survival lucratively. Academically, the existence of educational business has creating new scientific chapter. Professional community of educational business is merely a new entity, educational business quality should be responsible academic and professionally. The educational faculty and university developing science should not only create educators but educational business entrepreneur, economy, management master who would have more lucrative future business prospects.Education, scientific business, professional business, quality, business ethics.

Creating a Professional Development Plan for a Simulation Consortium

As the United States struggles with health care reform and a nursing education system that inadequately prepares students for practice, dramatic advances in educational technology signal opportunities for both academic and practicing nurses to affect our profession as never before. Simulation technologies provide large and small institutions with the means to educate health care students and novice professionals effectively and efficiently through hands-on experience, but the costs of such a venture can be prohibitive. A simulation consortium offers a venue for different health care and educational institutions with shared goals to pool knowledge, monies, and labor toward health care education throughout a geographic area. This article details one Midwestern U.S. region's work in creating a professional development plan for a new simulation consortium

Improving the Lives of Young Children: Increasing Referrals and Follow-Up Treatment in Medicaid and CHIP

Outlines factors limiting referrals and treatment for children in public insurance programs, including low reimbursement rates and complex billing rules and fragmentation between primary care and treatment providers. Recommends state policy options

A Development Evaluation Study of a Professional Development Initiative to Strengthen Organizational Conditions in Early Education Settings

High quality instruction is essential to producing developmental gains for young children and can mitigate risk factors such as family poverty and low parental education. Even in programs with highly qualified teachers, teacher-child interactions often do not provide the level of instructional support that children need to be well-prepared for success in kindergarten. In order to improve instructional quality, an emerging focus on early childhood professional development involves supporting leaders in creating a web of supports for teacher learning and child growth. The purpose of the 3-year evaluation study was to assess the effectiveness of an Early Childhood Education Professional Development Initiative (ECE PDI) in advancing the knowledge, skills, and dispositions of community-based early childhood leaders and teachers in relation to creating the conditions for superior developmental outcomes for low-income students served by these community-based centers. Findings from the implementation and impact studies are reported

Development of snakes and ladders game (disaster response) as earthquake mitigation for children

This study aims to produce of snakes and ladders game with feasible to increase understanding of children related to earthquake disaster mitigation. Snakes and ladders game will be applied to children aged 5-6 years in Palu city. This research is a research and development according to Borg and Gall. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and questionnaries. Data analysis in the form of quantitative descriptive. The results showed that the assessment of the material validators get an average of 3.63, media validators get an average of 3.8, and disaster validators get an average of 3.75 (feasible category). In the initial field trials, it averaged persentage 78% and was included in the feasible category. Operational field trials get an average persentage of 87% included in the feasible category. Comparative study results obtained sig. (2-tailed) of 0,000 <0.05, it can be concluded that Ha is accepted, which means that "there is a significant difference" between the average post-test results of the control group and the experimental group. The results obtained after applying the snake and ladder game, children can understand and carry out self-rescue activities when simulating an earthquake disaster

Augmenting the Third Teacher

This thesis explores the formal and material design potentials of the school and contends that for it to adapt to the needs of today’s techno-centric youth, dynamic and responsive materials should be integrated to enhance the environmental quality of spaces for a child’s developmental benefit