The Euclidean distance degree of smooth complex projective varieties

We obtain several formulas for the Euclidean distance degree (ED degree) of an arbitrary nonsingular variety in projective space: in terms of Chern and Segre classes, Milnor classes, Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson classes, and an extremely simple formula equating the Euclidean distance degree of X with the Euler characteristic of an open subset of X

Segre Class Computation and Practical Applications

Let $X \subset Y$ be closed (possibly singular) subschemes of a smooth projective toric variety $T$. We show how to compute the Segre class $s(X,Y)$ as a class in the Chow group of $T$. Building on this, we give effective methods to compute intersection products in projective varieties, to determine algebraic multiplicity without working in local rings, and to test pairwise containment of subvarieties of $T$. Our methods may be implemented without using Groebner bases; in particular any algorithm to compute the number of solutions of a zero-dimensional polynomial system may be used

Toric polar maps and characteristic classes

Given a hypersurface in the complex projective space, we prove that the degree of its toric polar map is given by the signed topological Euler characteristic of a distinguished open set, namely the complement of the union of the hypersurface and the coordinate hyperplanes. In addition, we prove that if the hypersurface is in general position or is nondegenerate with respect to its Newton polytope, then the coefficients of the Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson class of the distinguished open set agree, up to sign, with the multidegrees of the toric polar map. In the latter case, we also recover the multidegrees from mixed volumes. For plane curves, a precise formula for the degree of the toric polar map is obtained in terms of local invariants. Finally, we construct families, in arbitrary dimension, of irreducible hypersurfaces whose toric polar map is birational.Comment: v2: Fixed typos, minor improvements. 28 pages. Comments welcome