Design basis to quality urban lighting masterplan

Master'sMASTER OF ARTS (ARCHITECTURE

Performance-based Generative Shape Grammar Method: Energy Efficient Facade Design for Fully Glazed Multi-Storied Office Building - Hot and Humid Climate, Chennai, India

The traditional building form design or form-making is an intuitive design method that is neither efficient nor competent for energy-efficient façade design. The form-making design approach threatens sustainable development in India. This paper discusses the new tread of form-finding, a process in which the framework is set for parameters to interact. It suggests a performance-based shape grammar (PBSG) generative design method for façade finding and evaluates it as an energy-efficient facade design method for FGM office buildings for India's hot and humid climate. A research method to develop PBSG rules for a given project framework was demonstrated by redesigning a case sample site and evaluating the existing FGM office building in the sample site. The PBSG methods in two stages apply multiple rules, first for form-finding and later for façade plane-finding for energy efficiency. It was observed that the SG resultant generated form was 42% more energy-efficient than the existing design using the same envelope materials, HVAC equipment, development regulations, and context. The outcome of this study provides a framework for a generative design process using PBSG in the early design stages and proves to be an energy-efficient design method for India's hot and humid climate

Greening Greenpoint: Investigating Technology and Environment-based Design

This thesis investigates architectural design with a focus on technology and parametric, or computational, design strategies in relation to environmental simulation and sustainability. While numerous studies of new digital and parametric design technologies have been undertaken, few discuss their potential application or synergy with sustainable or environmentally focused design. However, there is increasing interest in bridging the perceived gap between these areas of focus in architectural design, as will be discussed in a section on recent symposia related to performance and design technologies. The research project seeks to apply insight gained from these studies to a design project to be located in the Greenpoint neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. The project type is a library and research center which would serve as a knowledge base and community hub for the study and discussion of environmental protection, sustainability, and conservation. As a hybrid archive, learning center, forum, and repository of information, it would aim to serve as a catalyst for the ongoing attempts to remediate the environmental conditions of nearby Newtown Creek and adjacent land, which has been subjected to severe environmental degradation as a result of a century and half of industrial activities related to oil refining and storage. The eastern portion of Greenpoint along Newtown Creek has been designated a superfund site as a result of millions of gallons of oil spillage occurring over an uncertain length of time, much of which remains below ground today. Additionally, the surrounding water bodies have been polluted from the discharge of excess wastewater due to overflow of the city’s combined sewer system during large storms. Thus the community and city face numerous environmental challenges and would be well served by a facility which would provide a research base and meeting place. The project also engages with an additional set of conditions related to the site. Recent zoning changes have been approved which will convert the formerly industrial East River waterfront to a dense residential zone. While the zoning aims to establish a public space along the waterfront, it will also likely result in residential towers vastly out of scale and context with adjacent neighborhood, which includes an important historic district, and a diverse population. The project seeks to place instead, at the tip of the peninsula which was once named for its greenness, a public space dedicated to its restoration

Management and Visualisation of Non-linear History of Polygonal 3D Models

The research presented in this thesis concerns the problems of maintenance and revision control of large-scale three dimensional (3D) models over the Internet. As the models grow in size and the authoring tools grow in complexity, standard approaches to collaborative asset development become impractical. The prevalent paradigm of sharing files on a file system poses serious risks with regards, but not limited to, ensuring consistency and concurrency of multi-user 3D editing. Although modifications might be tracked manually using naming conventions or automatically in a version control system (VCS), understanding the provenance of a large 3D dataset is hard due to revision metadata not being associated with the underlying scene structures. Some tools and protocols enable seamless synchronisation of file and directory changes in remote locations. However, the existing web-based technologies are not yet fully exploiting the modern design patters for access to and management of alternative shared resources online. Therefore, four distinct but highly interconnected conceptual tools are explored. The first is the organisation of 3D assets within recent document-oriented No Structured Query Language (NoSQL) databases. These "schemaless" databases, unlike their relational counterparts, do not represent data in rigid table structures. Instead, they rely on polymorphic documents composed of key-value pairs that are much better suited to the diverse nature of 3D assets. Hence, a domain-specific non-linear revision control system 3D Repo is built around a NoSQL database to enable asynchronous editing similar to traditional VCSs. The second concept is that of visual 3D differencing and merging. The accompanying 3D Diff tool supports interactive conflict resolution at the level of scene graph nodes that are de facto the delta changes stored in the repository. The third is the utilisation of HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for the purposes of 3D data management. The XML3DRepo daemon application exposes the contents of the repository and the version control logic in a Representational State Transfer (REST) style of architecture. At the same time, it manifests the effects of various 3D encoding strategies on the file sizes and download times in modern web browsers. The fourth and final concept is the reverse-engineering of an editing history. Even if the models are being version controlled, the extracted provenance is limited to additions, deletions and modifications. The 3D Timeline tool, therefore, implies a plausible history of common modelling operations such as duplications, transformations, etc. Given a collection of 3D models, it estimates a part-based correspondence and visualises it in a temporal flow. The prototype tools developed as part of the research were evaluated in pilot user studies that suggest they are usable by the end users and well suited to their respective tasks. Together, the results constitute a novel framework that demonstrates the feasibility of a domain-specific 3D version control

パラメトリック設計とロボットによる自動化施工の実用化に影響を与える要因に関する研究

The construction industry has always been an important part of human economic activity. As time goes on, building techniques and construction methods are changing. However, with the increasing acceleration of social development, traditional construction methods have reached their limits. Both in China and Japan are facing the problem of aging population structure and low birth rate. The human demand for complex forms of construction is growing, yet experienced workers are in short supply. The construction industry continues to undergo industrial upgrading, while the rise of digital design and the widespread use of robotics point the way to the future of the construction industry. To explore the possibilities of parametric design and robotic automated construction through two practical projects. We also explore the factors affecting the application of robotic automated construction technology by building an evolutionary game model to provide a policy reference for the government, construction companies and public universities.北九州市立大

Social capital in urban environments: intersection of theory, research and practice literature

This paper attempts to stretch the understanding of the relationship between social capital and attributes of the physical environment through an exploration of the intersection of social capital theory, urban design practitioner guidance and empirical research on social capital that considers the built environment as a variable. Viewing such knowledge through the lens of social capital, the links, overlaps, and extensions were extrapolated thereby attempting to operationalise the theoretical notion of social capital, within sustainability assessment

The N-Dimensional City: Establishing a Vitality Driven Framework for Volumetric Building Networks Through Parametric Design

The architectural concept of a city within a city, or a three-dimensional urban realm, aims to engage the public and bring the vitality of the city into the building. This concept often manifests in the form of grade-separated pedestrian networks, promenades through buildings, roof terraces, sky-bridge connections between towers, and towers that morph together—creating the urban realm throughout volumetric space. The N-Dimensional City investigates a recurring theme of this “volumetric architecture” typology throughout architectural history from a critical perspective. While the type originated from the Soviet era social condenser as a means of creating social equity, volumetric architecture grew to the height of its popularity in capitalist North America with the construction of private building networks throughout the Modern era. Often initiated by the private sector and constructed piecemeal, without integration into the city’s master plan or regulations, many of these volumetric cities experienced a desolated ground plane and the amplification of existing social and economic problems. Rather than producing the social equity envisioned by the building type’s progenitors, the resultant profit-driven spatial organization reinforced segregation, inequality, and commercialism in these urban centres. With a contemporary resurgence of interest in volumetric architecture, signaled by the World Trade Center redevelopment competition in which almost all finalists produced a variation of the type, the thesis aims to resolve the apparent shortcomings volumetric architecture has in achieving its goal of vitality and equity throughout the entirety of a three-dimensional public realm. The thesis adopts the values instilled into Jane Jacobs’ work as its goal for volumetric architecture, including universal access to the city and its movement, inclusive communities, equitable economic opportunities, and a holistic increase to the city’s land value. The City of Toronto is taken as an ideal site to test the building type, as a city with both a history of quasi-public volumetric architecture including the PATH and the Eaton Centre, as well as a recent resurgence of the type in private developments such as City Place and Pier 21. Undergoing a rapid period of construction, the unrestricted powers of the Ontario Municipal Board have undermined the municipality’s ability to direct development in accordance with the Ontario Growth Plan—instead ruling a majority of cases in favour of the development industry against the advisement of the city’s planners. This regulatory vacuum produces a volatile environment for volumetric architecture, in which existing precedents have demonstrated the ability for a profit-driven building network to buttress the city’s existing socio-economic problems through what effectively became a spatial oligopoly and the privatization of the commons. In response to volumetric architecture’s ambition to create an extension of the public realm throughout three-dimensional space, the work of Jane Jacobs is used to form an understanding of how physical qualities of the built environment, designated as urban resources, produce vitality by catalyzing informal uses of public space. Adapting her work from the planar public realm of the old city, Jacobs’ sociological study is codified into a system of discrete actors and processes that can be replicated throughout the three-dimensional field, thus formulating a vitality-driven framework for the volumetric city. The thesis work takes a parametric approach, creating a custom tool written in Processing that simulates the development of the city over time and under a variety of regulatory and stylistic conditions by abstracting the city into a field of voxels with assignable properties. Negotiating the territory between architectural design, urban regulations, and economic forces of the development industry, the parametric tool projects an image of how a vitality-driven model of the volumetric city compares to its profit-driven counterpart, and to the traditional planar city. The N-Dimensional City reveals a not too distant future, prompting a reflection on the qualities of the city that we collectively value as a society, and how these can be developed by the architecture we build today

Envisaging dataist modernity: the construction of Edinburgh’s innovation apparatus

This dissertation investigates the process by which urban planning agents imagine futures and the sociotechnical conditions which help establish the credibility of their expectations. Aiming to shed light on the practice of city-making, the thesis focuses on how urban planning agents co-produce specific urban-regional sociotechnical imaginaries. Based on the assumption that city-regional innovation processes are inherently future-oriented and imply a profound reordering of society, the thesis pays close attention to who gets to construct and diffuse imaginaries of desirable futures. Drawing on documentary research, 50 interviews and ethnographic observations, this study empirically engages with the implementation of a contemporary urban-regional redevelopment project, the Edinburgh and South-East Scotland City Region Deal (CRD). A £1.3bn infrastructure investment by the Scottish and UK governments and local partners over fifteen years, it is designed to accelerate data-driven innovation and inclusive growth. Officially signed in August 2018, the CRD represents a unique case study for at least two reasons: first, it constitutes the first higher education-driven city region deal in the UK. Second, it aligns a cluster of considerably powerful actors – political leaders, higher education officials, tech entrepreneurs – around one specific sociotechnical imaginary: establishing the city region as the “Data Capital of Europe”. Conceptually rooted at the intersection of Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Urban Studies, this dissertation argues that future-making in the Edinburgh city region is characterised by an unequal distribution of projective agency and driven by an entrepreneurial class at the nexus of science and politics. Shedding light on the complex interplay of expectations and expertise in urban-regional development, this study demonstrates the growing influence of global higher education institutions such as the University of Edinburgh in shaping desirable futures. More specifically, the concept of “dataist modernity” is developed to characterise a form of modernisation that is rooted in an ontology of knowability and overestimates the power of data in solving complex social problems. By crafting this line of argument, this study extends co-productionist STS on ‘smart urbanism’ to take fuller account of the intricate relationship between technoscience and urban-regional planning