Emerg Infect Dis

Emerging Infectious Diseases is providing access to these abstracts on behalf of the ICEID 2022 program committee (http://www.iceid.org), which performed peer review. ICEID is organized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Task Force for Global Health, Inc.Emerging Infectious Diseases has not edited or proofread these materials and is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions. All information is subject to change. Comments and corrections should be brought to the attention of the authors.Suggested citation: Authors. Title [abstract]. International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases 2022 poster and oral presentation abstracts. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Sep [date cited]. http://www.cdc.gov/EID/pdfs/ICEID2022.pdf2022PMC94238981187

Emerg Infect Dis

PMC4550154611

Identifying and characterising sexual transmission of enteric pathogens in men who have sex with men using classical and molecular epidemiological methods

Enteric pathogens are transmitted via the faecal-oral route and commonly cause diarrhoea and/or vomiting. In recent years, there have been numerous outbreaks in men who have sex with men (MSM), primarily Shigella spp., often associated with antimicrobial resistance. My research aimed to investigate the characteristics, risk factors and burden of bacterial enteric pathogens (BEPs) in MSM that could inform control. I conducted a cross-sectional study at a London sexual health clinic (SHC) to estimate the prevalence of BEPs in MSM and associated risk factors. I linked whole genome sequencing (WGS) data with clinical and behavioural data on reported cases of Shigella flexneri to i) characterise transmission within sexual networks of MSM and ii) validate a public health tool for identifying MSM clusters in near real-time. One in 10 predominantly asymptomatic MSM attending the SHC had a BEP detected, which was associated with higher-risk sexual behaviours. Among MSM with a BEP, presence of a genotypic marker of azithromycin resistance was associated with a history of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In the WGS study, S. flexneri isolates from MSM largely belonged to two clades associated with genotypic markers of azithromycin resistance, with evidence of sustained transmission through sex between men. Over one third of isolates within MSM clades were from people living with HIV. The public health tool distinguished MSM from non-sexual transmission clusters. My research provides strong evidence that BEPs are transmitted sexually in MSM and asymptomatic carriage may be sustaining transmission. The findings suggest that antimicrobial treatment for STIs selected for resistance in gut organisms, emphasising the need for better antimicrobial stewardship. Phylogenetic analyses provided novel insights about S. flexneri transmission in sexual networks of MSM that could inform clinical care and public health management. Real-time identification of MSM clusters might inform the delivery of rapid and appropriate responses

Yale Medicine : Alumni Bulletin of the School of Medicine, Autumn 2006- Spring 2007

This volume contains Yale medicine: alumni bulletin of the School of Medicine, v.41 (Autumn 2006-Spring 2007). Prepared in cooperation with the alumni and development offices at the School of Medicine. Earlier volumes are called Yale School of Medicine alumni bulletins, dating from v.1 (1953) through v.13 (1965). Digitized with funding from the Arcadia fund, 2017.https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/yale_med_alumni_newsletters/1022/thumbnail.jp

XR, music and neurodiversity: design and application of new mixed reality technologies that facilitate musical intervention for children with autism spectrum conditions

This thesis, accompanied by the practice outputs,investigates sensory integration, social interaction and creativity through a newly developed VR-musical interface designed exclusively for children with a high-functioning autism spectrum condition (ASC).The results aim to contribute to the limited expanse of literature and research surrounding Virtual Reality (VR) musical interventions and Immersive Virtual Environments (IVEs) designed to support individuals with neurodevelopmental conditions. The author has developed bespoke hardware, software and a new methodology to conduct field investigations. These outputs include a Virtual Immersive Musical Reality Intervention (ViMRI) protocol, a Supplemental Personalised, immersive Musical Experience(SPiME) programme, the Assisted Real-time Three-dimensional Immersive Musical Intervention System’ (ARTIMIS) and a bespoke (and fully configurable) ‘Creative immersive interactive Musical Software’ application (CiiMS). The outputs are each implemented within a series of institutional investigations of 18 autistic child participants. Four groups are evaluated using newly developed virtual assessment and scoring mechanisms devised exclusively from long-established rating scales. Key quantitative indicators from the datasets demonstrate consistent findings and significant improvements for individual preferences (likes), fear reduction efficacy, and social interaction. Six individual case studies present positive qualitative results demonstrating improved decision-making and sensorimotor processing. The preliminary research trials further indicate that using this virtual-reality music technology system and newly developed protocols produces notable improvements for participants with an ASC. More significantly, there is evidence that the supplemental technology facilitates a reduction in psychological anxiety and improvements in dexterity. The virtual music composition and improvisation system presented here require further extensive testing in different spheres for proof of concept

Sudden unexpected death in infants: a forensic genetic investigation in a South African cohort

Sudden unexpected death in infants (SUDI) is a devastating event, and unfortunately occurs frequently in South Africa. The emerging molecular autopsy has added value to SUDI investigations by revealing genetic variants which contributed to their demise. Motivated by the value of this concept to family members as well as the limited research of SUDI locally, the aim of this study was to explore molecular autopsies in the medico-legal investigation of SUDI cases in South Africa. A 5-year retrospective study of 1.199 SUDI admissions to Salt River Mortuary, Cape Town showed that 110 (9.%) cases were still under investigation, while most had infectious causes of death. An ethical framework was established and used to prospectively recruit 201 SUDI cases from Salt River Mortuary. A pilot quality assessment of DNA from blood, buccal cells and formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue motivated the prospective collection of blood samples. Three variants previously associated with the risk of infections (IL-6 rs1800795.G>C; TNF-α rs1800629.G>A; TLR4 rs4986790.A>G) were genotyped in the sampled cohort. The allele frequency data generated suggested a possible association between each of these variants and an infection-related cause of death in SUDI. Targeted genotyping of candidate variants revealed several pathogenic mutations, including a twin who was homozygous T/T for a founder mutation, GALT rs111033690.C>G/T, causative of galactosaemia (previously undiagnosed). Follow up with the family revealed that the other twin had subsequently demised. Additionally, 43 genes previously associated with cardiac arrhythmias, were sequenced in a subset of cases (n.=.19) and parental samples. Putative pathogenic variants were identified in four infants, and four additional novel variants were found. Lastly, using a hypothesis-free approach, clinical exome sequencing was performed on two cases, which suggested one infant was immune-compromised and the second may have had bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The findings in this study highlight possible new candidate variants to assess in SUDI cases, and has directly contributed to the development of a molecular autopsy which is locally relevant. It is evident that until newborn screening becomes routine and accessible in South Africa, molecular autopsies should include testing for inherited metabolic disorders, as it holds potential to save lives

Next of Kin: A Compassionate Curriculum

Free-living and captive chimpanzees are faced with a struggle to survive. Those chimpanzees that are free-living are faced with extinction through habitat destruction and poaching. Many of the chimpanzees living in captivity are faced with poor treatment, dehumanizing experiments and inhumane living condition. With limited curricula on chimpanzees and animal experimentation, the author was given the task to develop a curriculum focusing on these two subjects. The curriculum will be focused on middle level students (6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th grade) with activities informing, educating and enlightening the students on issues concerning freeliving and captive chimpanzees as well as all animals used in experimentation

Emerging infectious diseases

Emerging Infectious Diseases is providing access to these abstracts on behalf of the ICEID 2012 program committee (www.iceid.org), which performed peer review. Emerging Infectious Diseases has not edited or proofread these materials and is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions. All information is subject to change. Comments and corrections should be brought to the attention of the authors.Influenza preparedness: lessons learned -- Policy implications and infectious diseases -- Improving preparedness for infectious diseases -- New or rapid diagnostics -- Foodborne and waterborne infections -- Effective and sustainable surveillance platforms -- Healthcare-associated infections -- Molecular epidemiology -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Tropical infections and parasitic diseases -- H1N1 influenza -- Risk Assessment -- Laboratory Support -- Zoonotic and Animal Diseases -- Viral Hepatitis -- E1. Zoonotic and animal diseases -- E2. Vaccine issues -- E3. H1N1 influenza -- E4. Novel surveillance systems -- E5. Antimicrobial resistance -- E6. Late-breakers I -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Influenza preparedness: lessons learned -- Zoonotic and animal diseases -- Improving preparedness for infectious diseases -- Laboratory support -- Early warning systems -- H1N1 influenza -- Policy implications and infectious diseases -- Modeling -- Molecular epidemiology -- Novel surveillance systems -- Tropical infections and parasitic diseases -- Strengthening public health systems -- Immigrant and refugee health -- Foodborne and waterborne infections -- Healthcare-associated infections -- Foodborne and waterborne infections -- New or rapid diagnostics -- Improving global health equity for infectious diseases -- Vulnerable populations -- Novel agents of public health importance -- Influenza preparedness: lessons learned -- Molecular epidemiology -- Zoonotic and animal diseases -- Vaccine-preventable diseases -- Outbreak investigation: lab and epi response -- H1N1 influenza -- laboratory support -- effective and sustainable surveillance platforms -- new vaccines -- vector-borne diseases and climate change -- travelers' health -- J1. Vectorborne diseases and climate change -- J2. Policy implications and infectious diseases -- J3. Influenza preparedness: lessons learned -- J4. Effective and sustainable surveillance platforms -- J5. Outbreak investigation: lab and epi response I -- J6. Late-breakers II -- Strengthening public health systems -- Bacterial/viral coinfections -- H1N1 influenza -- Novel agents of public health importance -- Foodborne and waterborne infections -- New challenges for old vaccines -- Vectorborne diseases and climate change -- Novel surveillance systems -- Geographic information systems (GIS) -- Improving global health equity for infectious diseases -- Vaccine preventable diseases -- Vulnerable populations -- Laboratory support -- Prevention challenges for respiratory diseases -- Zoonotic and animal diseases -- Outbreak investigation: lab and epi response -- Vectorborne diseases and climate change -- Outbreak investigation: lab and epi response -- Laboratory proficiency testing/quality assurance -- Effective and sustainable surveillance platforms -- Sexually transmitted diseases -- H1N1 influenza -- Surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases -- Foodborne and waterborne infections -- Role of health communication -- Emerging opportunistic infections -- Host and microbial genetics -- Respiratory infections in special populations -- Zoonotic and animal diseases -- Laboratory support -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Vulnerable populations -- Global vaccine initiatives -- Tuberculosis -- Prevention challenges for respiratory diseases -- Infectious causes of chronic diseases -- O1. Outbreak investigation: lab and epi response II -- O2. Prevention challenges for respiratory diseases -- O3. Populations at high risk for infectious diseases -- O4. Foodborne and waterborne infections -- O5. Laboratory support: surveillance and monitoring infections -- O6. Late-breakers IIIAbstracts published in advance of the conference

2019 EURēCA Abstract Book

Listing of student participant abstracts