1,276,264 research outputs found
Good government, governance, human complexity
Studi n. 50- Indice del volume #7- Part one. The Einaudian legacy: good government and the relation between private and public #21- Part two. Good government and public governance #119- Part three. Governance and liberty: the complexity of the human #22
Equal-Volume Strength Training With Different Training Frequencies Induces Similar Muscle Hypertrophy and Strength Improvement in Trained Participants
The main goal of the current study was to compare the effects of volume-equated training frequency on gains in muscle mass and strength. In addition, we aimed to investigate whether the effect of training frequency was affected by the complexity, concerning the degrees of freedom, of an exercise. Participants were randomized to a moderate training frequency group (two weekly sessions) or high training frequency group (four weekly sessions). Twenty-one participants (male: 11, female: 10, age: 25.9 ± 4.0) completed the 9-week whole-body progressive heavy resistance training intervention with moderate (n = 13) or high (n = 8) training frequency. Whole-body and regional changes in lean mass were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, while the vastus lateralis thickness was measured by ultrasound. Changes in muscle strength were measured as one repetition maximum for squat, hack squat, bench press, and chest press. No differences between groups were observed for any of the measures of muscle growth or muscle strength. Muscle strength increased to a greater extent in hack squat and chest press than squat and bench press for both moderate (50 and 21% vs. 19 and 14%, respectively) and high-frequency groups (63 and 31% vs. 19 and 16%, respectively), with no differences between groups. These results suggest that training frequency is less decisive when weekly training volume is equated. Further, familiarity with an exercise seems to be of greater importance for strength adaptations than the complexity of the exercise.publishedVersio
Positivity of the universal pairing in 3 dimensions
Associated to a closed, oriented surface S is the complex vector space with
basis the set of all compact, oriented 3-manifolds which it bounds. Gluing
along S defines a Hermitian pairing on this space with values in the complex
vector space with basis all closed, oriented 3-manifolds. The main result in
this paper is that this pairing is positive, i.e. that the result of pairing a
nonzero vector with itself is nonzero. This has bearing on the question of what
kinds of topological information can be extracted in principle from unitary 2+1
dimensional TQFTs.
The proof involves the construction of a suitable complexity function c on
all closed 3-manifolds, satisfying a gluing axiom which we call the topological
Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, namely that c(AB) <= max(c(AA),c(BB)) for all A,B
which bound S, with equality if and only if A=B. The complexity function c
involves input from many aspects of 3-manifold topology, and in the process of
establishing its key properties we obtain a number of results of independent
interest. For example, we show that when two finite volume hyperbolic
3-manifolds are glued along an incompressible acylindrical surface, the
resulting hyperbolic 3-manifold has minimal volume only when the gluing can be
done along a totally geodesic surface; this generalizes a similar theorem for
closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds due to Agol-Storm-Thurston.Comment: 83 pages, 21 figures; version 3: incorporates referee's comments and
correction
Holographic local quench and effective complexity
We study the evolution of holographic complexity of pure and mixed states in
-dimensional conformal field theory following a local quench using both
the "complexity equals volume" (CV) and the "complexity equals action" (CA)
conjectures. We compare the complexity evolution to the evolution of
entanglement entropy and entanglement density, discuss the Lloyd computational
bound and demonstrate its saturation in certain regimes. We argue that the
conjectured holographic complexities exhibit some non-trivial features
indicating that they capture important properties of what is expected to be
effective (or physical) complexity.Comment: 33 pages, 19 figures; v2: typos corrected; 35 pages, references
added, new appendix. Version to match published in JHE
A Growing Journey From Neurotrophins To Metabotrophins In Cardiometabolic Diseases
Currently, obesity has been recognized as a prime risk in the development of car-diometabolic diseases (CMD) and neurodegenerative diseases (NDD). The patho-genesis and therapy of CMD are immensely complex at the cellular and molecular levels. This scenario raises the question of how such a complexity may be grappled in a more tangible manner. Since 2003, we have been thinking “what nobody has yet thought about that everybody sees”, namely, matabotrophic factors (MTF, metabotrophins). The latter include mainly (i) the neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and (ii) the adipomyo-kines adiponectin, irisin, BDNF, fibroblast growth factor-21 alike as adipose- and skeletal muscle-derived signaling proteins (these latter discussed in another review in the present volume of Adipobiology). Herein, we argue that obesity and related CMD and NDD, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, may be viewed as MTF-deficient diseases. Further studies on MTF signatures and ramifications in these diseases are required. These would provide greater insights on how we can make MTF work for the improvement of physiological and psychological quality of human life
On the Noether charge and the gravity duals of quantum complexity
The physical relevance of the thermodynamic volumes of AdS black holes to the
gravity duals of quantum complexity was recently argued by Couch et al. In this
paper, by generalizing the Wald-Iyer formalism, we derive a geometric
expression for the thermodynamic volume and relate its product with the
thermodynamic pressure to the non-derivative part of the gravitational action
evaluated on the Wheeler-DeWitt patch. We propose that this action provides an
alternative gravity dual of the quantum complexity of the boundary theory. We
refer this to "complexity=action 2.0" (CA-2) duality. It is significantly
different from the original "complexity=action" (CA) duality as well as the
"complexity=volume 2.0" (CV-2) duality proposed by Couch et al. The latter
postulates that the complexity is dual to the spacetime volume of the
Wheeler-DeWitt patch. To distinguish our new conjecture from the various
dualities in literature, we study a number of black holes in
Einstein-Maxwell-Dilation theories. We find that for all these black holes, the
CA duality generally does not respect the Lloyd bound whereas the CV-2 duality
always does. For the CA-2 duality, although in many cases it is consistent with
the Lloyd bound, we also find a counter example for which it violates the bound
as well.Comment: minor corrections, references added,29pages,7figure
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