Evolution and Devolution: The Dynamics of Sovereignty and Security in Post-Cold War Europe

At a time when individual defense outlays are being significantly diminished, the national governments of Western Europe are confronted with the necessity of reforming and adapting their militaries to address new security concerns and undertake new missions. This study will examine multinational military integration as one possible approach whereby national governments can limit defense spending and still maintain military capabilities to meet the contemporary security threats faced by the nation states of the continent. The first three chapters of the work will explore the broad patterns of change in the international system which have propelled states to reexamine how they define the functions and interests of the nation state. The second group of three chapters will discuss the new security issues facing Europe. The final three chapters will present specific case studies which illustrate the trend toward integration. In the end, it can be demonstrated that the convergence of factors, the evolution of the nation state, the change in contemporary security perceptions, fiscal constraints and the established progress in multilateral military cooperation, will continue to propel European military integration

Nigeria’s Role in Regional Collective Security in Africa: An Appraisal of Nigeria and Niger Republic Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF)

Collective security is an indispensable tool used by nation-states in ensuring stability, peace and development of the international system. It assures of the protection of economic, cultural, political, and other ties which states involved treasures and wants to continue preserving. This study examined Nigeria’s roles in regional collective security in Africa, An appraisal of Nigeria and Niger Republic Multinationals Joint Task Force (MNJTF). The study is essentially qualitative in its approach, primary and documentary sources are the major instruments used for data collection. Respondents of Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were purposively selected. To correlate collective’s security discourse, the study drew collective security theory, which no doubt threw more light on harmony of collective effort to curtail the threats of terrorism in the region. The study found that the multinational joint task forces have really addressed the challenges of insecurity as a result of Boko Haram threats in the region. The study argues the joint team faces with problem of inadequate funds and man power to fight the menace though  they have really achieve a lot in their fight to curtail terrorism in the region. The study concludes that corruption as a bane to African development really impeded the success of the MNJTF in the region. The study recommended among others there is there is a need for West African leaders to display greater political will, and make stronger financial commitments in order to actualize the full potentials of the sub-region’s collective security mechanism. Keywords: Collective Security, Insurgency, Nigerian State, Boko Haram and Multinational Joint Task forc

An Arab NATO in the Making? Middle Eastern Military Cooperation Since 2011

Arab military cooperation has been, over the past century, mostly a history of failures. Whether the Arab League’s Defence Pact or the Middle East Command, ideas for collective security in the region all failed to move beyond the state of declarations. Most of the time, Arab states were either at open war or in cold peace. Since the Arab Spring has toppled not only regimes but also brought insecurity, new momentum has come into regional security. From joint exercises to the announcement of first an Arab and more recently an Islamic military alliance, states begin to move further into cooperation. As this Letort Paper shows, several obstacles will have to be overcome before collective security in the Middle East and North Africa can become a reality.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1299/thumbnail.jp

Collective security: Theory and practice of an institution for peace in the XX century.

Abstract not available

NATO - From a System of Collective Security to Unipolar American Leadership

Savezi, kao jedan od načina kako države mogu ostvarivati svoju sigurnost, predstavljaju središnji fenomen u proučavanju sustava međunarodne sigurnosti i suvremenih međunarodnih odnosa. Od svog osnivanja (4. travnja 1949) pa do danas, NATO se održao kao najznačajniji sigurnosni savez. Načelo kolektivne obrane, temeljena na Članku 5. Washingtonskog ugovora, nije se izmijenilo. No kako se mijenja struktura međunarodnog poretka, lideri koji ga predvode, izazovi sigurnosti i stabilnosti, mijenja se i uloga Sjevernoatlantskog saveza, njegovi ciljevi i realni dosezi u međunarodnoj zajednici.Alliances as one of forms that enable the states to achieve their security, represent the central phenomenon in studying international security system and current international relations. Since its foundation (April 4, 1949) until now, NATO has survived as the most significant security alliance. Collective defense principle, as stipulated in Article 5 of the Washington Agreement, hasn\u27t been altered. However, as the structure of international order changes, as its leaders change as well as security and stability challenges, so changes the role of the North Atlantic Alliance, its goals and range of activities in the international community

The use of force by the states under international law

Notwithstanding the strict restriction on the use of military force under Article 2(4) of the United Nations Charter (UN Charter), notable exceptions to the provision are conferred in Article 51. There are various interpretations among the states and researchers on Article 51 of the UN Charter. Consequently, some questions beg for answers and will: what makes up an ‘armed attack’ and what does ‘occurs’ mean? Does it mean that States should wait until they have been attacked before defending themselves? Can states rely on Article 51 of the Charter to use military force on terrorist group(s) in the name of self-defense? Is there any time limit within which the state can defend itself in self-defense? What is collective security? Thus, this research is undertaken to examine and provide answers to the above said questions by using a doctrinal legal research methodology. The findings reveal that Article 2(4) of the UN Charter encompasses the actual use of armed force and the threat to use force. The use of force through irregular forces should be regarded as an armed attack by the Charter; and a state’s right to defend itself is not without limitation or time limit. The UN Charter has not defined ‘armed attack’. Therefore, the authors recommend for the UN Charter amendment to provide a clause that will extend the meaning of ‘armed attack’ to include not only acts by regular forces but also irregular forces