8 research outputs found
Coupled effects of local movement and global interaction on contagion
By incorporating segregated spatial domain and individual-based linkage into
the SIS (susceptible-infected-susceptible) model, we investigate the coupled
effects of random walk and intragroup interaction on contagion. Compared with
the situation where only local movement or individual-based linkage exists, the
coexistence of them leads to a wider spread of infectious disease. The roles of
narrowing segregated spatial domain and reducing mobility in epidemic control
are checked, these two measures are found to be conducive to curbing the spread
of infectious disease. Considering heterogeneous time scales between local
movement and global interaction, a log-log relation between the change in the
number of infected individuals and the timescale is found. A theoretical
analysis indicates that the evolutionary dynamics in the present model is
related to the encounter probability and the encounter time. A functional
relation between the epidemic threshold and the ratio of shortcuts, and a
functional relation between the encounter time and the timescale are
found
Evolutionary Dynamics of Populations with Conflicting Interactions: Classification and Analytical Treatment Considering Asymmetry and Power
Evolutionary game theory has been successfully used to investigate the
dynamics of systems, in which many entities have competitive interactions. From
a physics point of view, it is interesting to study conditions under which a
coordination or cooperation of interacting entities will occur, be it spins,
particles, bacteria, animals, or humans. Here, we analyze the case, where the
entities are heterogeneous, particularly the case of two populations with
conflicting interactions and two possible states. For such systems, explicit
mathematical formulas will be determined for the stationary solutions and the
associated eigenvalues, which determine their stability. In this way, four
different types of system dynamics can be classified, and the various kinds of
phase transitions between them will be discussed. While these results are
interesting from a physics point of view, they are also relevant for social,
economic, and biological systems, as they allow one to understand conditions
for (1) the breakdown of cooperation, (2) the coexistence of different
behaviors ("subcultures"), (2) the evolution of commonly shared behaviors
("norms"), and (4) the occurrence of polarization or conflict. We point out
that norms have a similar function in social systems that forces have in
physics
How groups can foster consensus: The case of local cultures
A local culture denotes a commonly shared behaviour within a cluster of
firms. Similar to social norms or conventions, it is an emergent feature
resulting from the firms' interaction in an economic network. To model these
dynamics, we consider a distributed agent population, representing e.g. firms
or individuals. Further, we build on a continuous opinion dynamics model with
bounded confidence (), which assumes that two agents only interact if
differences in their behaviour are less than . Interaction results in
more similarity of behaviour, i.e. convergence towards a common mean. This
framework is extended by two major concepts: (i) The agent's in-group
consisting of acquainted interaction partners is explicitly taken into account.
This leads to an effective agent behaviour reflecting that agents try to
continue to interact with past partners and thus to keep sufficiently close to
them. (ii) The in-group network structure changes over time, as agents can form
new links to other agents with sufficiently close effective behaviour or delete
links to agents no longer close in behaviour. Thus, our model provides a
feedback mechanism between the agents' behaviour and their in-group structure.
Studying its consequences by means of agent-based computer simulations, we find
that for narrow-minded agents (low ) the additional feedback helps to
find consensus more often, whereas for open-minded agents (high )
this does not hold. This counterintuitive result is explained by simulations of
the network evolution
Cooperation, Norms, and Revolutions: A Unified Game-Theoretical Approach
Cooperation is of utmost importance to society as a whole, but is often
challenged by individual self-interests. While game theory has studied this
problem extensively, there is little work on interactions within and across
groups with different preferences or beliefs. Yet, people from different social
or cultural backgrounds often meet and interact. This can yield conflict, since
behavior that is considered cooperative by one population might be perceived as
non-cooperative from the viewpoint of another.
To understand the dynamics and outcome of the competitive interactions within
and between groups, we study game-dynamical replicator equations for multiple
populations with incompatible interests and different power (be this due to
different population sizes, material resources, social capital, or other
factors). These equations allow us to address various important questions: For
example, can cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma be promoted, when two
interacting groups have different preferences? Under what conditions can costly
punishment, or other mechanisms, foster the evolution of norms? When does
cooperation fail, leading to antagonistic behavior, conflict, or even
revolutions? And what incentives are needed to reach peaceful agreements
between groups with conflicting interests?
Our detailed quantitative analysis reveals a large variety of interesting
results, which are relevant for society, law and economics, and have
implications for the evolution of language and culture as well
Talleres familias unidas para la mejora de las capacidades de convivencia, caso de una escuela pública de Villa El Salvador
La presente investigación busca determinar y analizar la influencia de los talleres
Familias Unidas, la cual busca mejorar las capacidades en la convivencia
democrática del área de Personal Social en los estudiantes del cuarto grado de
Primaria de la Institución Educativa 6069 “Pachacútec” de Villa el Salvador, Lima
– 2019. Es así que en los indicadores que ayudarán a medir la convivencia se
encontrarán la construcción normas y asunción de acuerdos de convivencia,
interacción con todas las personas y el manejo de conflictos de manera constructiva.
En cambio, en la otra variable de taller de “Familias unidas”, se tomará como
indicadores los diversos temas a tratar dentro de las 15 sesiones planteadas.
Por lo que el presente estudio será de tipo cuasi experimental, en el cual se
planteará dos grupos: experimental y control, en el cual se tomará una población de
75 estudiantes pertenecientes al cuarto grado de primaria, donde se tomará un grupo
control y un grupo experimental, del mismo modo la muestra será igual que la
población. Para llevar a cabo la investigación se evaluará a los estudiantes
previamente y posterior a los talleres de “Familias unidas”, que se llevará a cabo
con los estudiantes pertenecientes al grupo experimental, para ello se tomará base a
una lista de cotejo validada previamente por especialistas.
Es por ello que se concluye que los estudiantes a los cuales se les reforzaron
en base a las 15 sesiones brindadas, reflejan un aumento en los rangos de logrado y
destacado, mientras que los alumnos a los que no se les brindó dichas sesiones
reflejan un leve aumento, alcanzando solo así el rango de proceso. Por lo que es
recomendable que los docentes pertenecientes al área de Personal Social presten
mayor interés en el ámbito de las normas de convivencia
COEXISTENCE OF SOCIAL NORMS BASED ON IN- AND OUT-GROUP INTERACTIONS
The question how social norms can emerge from microscopic interactions between individuals is a key problem in social sciences to explain collective behavior. In this paper, we propose an agent-based model to show that randomly distributed social behavior by way of local interaction converges to a state with a multimodal distribution of behavior. This can be interpreted as a coexistence of different social norms, a result that goes beyond previous investigations. The model is discrete in time and space, behavior is characterized in a continuous state space. The adaptation of social behavior by each agent is based on attractive and repulsive forces caused by friendly and adversary relations among agents. The model is analyzed both analytically and by means of spatio-temporal computer simulations. It provides conditions under which we find convergence towards a single norm, coexistence of two opposing norms, and coexistence of a multitude of norms. For the latter case, we also show the evolution of the spatio-temporal distribution of behavior.Social norms, coexistence, in-group, out-group