Power grid-oriented cascading failure vulnerability identifying method based on wireless sensors

In our paper, we study the vulnerability in cascading failures of the real-world network (power grid) under intentional attacks. Here, we use three indexes (B, K, k-shell) to measure the importance of nodes; that is, we define three attacks, respectively. Under these attacks, we measure the process of cascade effect in network by the number of avalanche nodes, the time steps, and the speed of the cascade propagation. Also, we define the node’s bearing capacity as a tolerant parameter to study the robustness of the network under three attacks. Taking the power grid as an example, we have obtained a good regularity of the collapse of the network when the node’s affordability is low. In terms of time and speed, under the betweenness-based attacks, the network collapses faster, but for the number of avalanche nodes, under the degree-based attack, the number of the failed nodes is highest. When the nodes’ bearing capacity becomes large, the regularity of the network’s performances is not obvious. The findings can be applied to identify the vulnerable nodes in real networks such as wireless sensor networks and improve their robustness against different attacks

Power grid-oriented cascading failure vulnerability identifying method based on wireless sensors

In our paper, we study the vulnerability in cascading failures of the real-world network (power grid) under intentional attacks. Here, we use three indexes (B, K, k-shell) to measure the importance of nodes; that is, we define three attacks, respectively. Under these attacks, we measure the process of cascade effect in network by the number of avalanche nodes, the time steps, and the speed of the cascade propagation. Also, we define the node’s bearing capacity as a tolerant parameter to study the robustness of the network under three attacks. Taking the power grid as an example, we have obtained a good regularity of the collapse of the network when the node’s affordability is low. In terms of time and speed, under the betweenness-based attacks, the network collapses faster, but for the number of avalanche nodes, under the degree-based attack, the number of the failed nodes is highest. When the nodes’ bearing capacity becomes large, the regularity of the network’s performances is not obvious. The findings can be applied to identify the vulnerable nodes in real networks such as wireless sensor networks and improve their robustness against different attacks

Game theory and trade tensions between advanced economies

Purpose: This article aims to study trade tensions between advanced economies and to express the difference between “currency war” and “trade war” and the respective effects on the global economy‎. Design/Methodology/Approach: The analysis of trade relations between countries is always one of the main concerns of policymakers and economists‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎interactions Dollar-Yuan‎, ‎Yuan-Euro and Dollar-Euro are modeled using game theory, being the effect of protectionism and currency devaluation in trade tensions studied by introducing a new game defined as threat game‎. Findings: Our findings show that protectionism and negotiation strategy is a credible deterrent threat and can be a brake for a total currency war‎. Also, we use the concept of rational choice to demonstrate that, for advanced economies, the cooperation strategy is the best way to overcome the Covid-19 pandemic crisis. Practical Implications: The subject discussed in the paper refers to issues related to protectionism, currency war and negotiation. The holistic perspective that is applied in this study includes the expression of a dominant strategy in trade relations between countries that helps to prevent the competitive devaluation of money. The consequences of the currency war have been catastrophic for the global economy and have ultimately led to a global depression. It also outlines ways to converge in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic. Originality/Value: This paper focuses on the prospects for trade relations between advanced economies such as the United States, Europe and China. As a result, the perspective proposed allows us to make a significant and innovative contribution to the literature because it can equip relevant stakeholders in the Global Economic System with the necessary strategies to make efficient decisions.peer-reviewe