3,414 research outputs found
The Orbital Structure of Triaxial Galaxies with Figure Rotation
We survey the properties of all orbit families in the rotating frame of a
family of realistic triaxial potentials with central supermassive black holes
(SMBHs). In such galaxies, most regular box orbits (vital for maintaining
triaxiality) are associated with resonances which occupy two-dimensional
surfaces in configuration space. For slow figure rotation all orbit families
are largely stable. At intermediate pattern speeds a significant fraction of
the resonant box orbits as well as inner long-axis tubes are destabilized by
the "envelope doubling" that arises from the Coriolis forces and are driven
into the destabilizing center. Thus, for pattern rotation periods .2 Gyr < Tp <
5 Gyr, the two orbit families that are most important for maintaining
triaxiality are highly chaotic. As pattern speed increases there is also a
sharp decrease in the overall fraction of prograde short-axis tubes and a
corresponding increase in the retrograde variety. At the highest pattern speeds
(close to that of triaxial bars), box-like orbits undergo a sudden transition
to a new family of stable retrograde loop-like orbits, which resemble orbits in
three-dimensional bars, and circulate about the short axis. Our analysis
implies that triaxial systems (with central cusps and SMBHs) can either have
high pattern speeds like fast bars or low patten speeds like triaxial
elliptical galaxies or dark matter halos found in N-body simulations.
Intermediate pattern speeds produce a high level of stochasticity in both the
box and inner long-axis tube orbit families implying that stable triaxial
systems are unlikely to have such pattern speeds.Comment: Version accepted for publication in ApJ, Vol 727, Feb. 1 issue, 201
Analysis of Chaos-Based Coded Modulations under Intersymbol Interference
Ministerio de Educación y CienciaMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónMinisterio de IndustriaComunidad de Madri
Potential mechanisms for imperfect synchronization in parkinsonian basal ganglia
Neural activity in the brain of parkinsonian patients is characterized by the
intermittently synchronized oscillatory dynamics. This imperfect
synchronization, observed in the beta frequency band, is believed to be related
to the hypokinetic motor symptoms of the disorder. Our study explores potential
mechanisms behind this intermittent synchrony. We study the response of a
bursting pallidal neuron to different patterns of synaptic input from
subthalamic nucleus (STN) neuron. We show how external globus pallidus (GPe)
neuron is sensitive to the phase of the input from the STN cell and can exhibit
intermittent phase-locking with the input in the beta band. The temporal
properties of this intermittent phase-locking show similarities to the
intermittent synchronization observed in experiments. We also study the
synchronization of GPe cells to synaptic input from the STN cell with
dependence on the dopamine-modulated parameters. Dopamine also affects the
cellular properties of neurons. We show how the changes in firing patterns of
STN neuron due to the lack of dopamine may lead to transition from a lower to a
higher coherent state, roughly matching the synchrony levels observed in basal
ganglia in normal and parkinsonian states. The intermittent nature of the
neural beta band synchrony in Parkinson's disease is achieved in the model due
to the interplay of the timing of STN input to pallidum and pallidal neuronal
dynamics, resulting in sensitivity of pallidal output to the phase of the
arriving STN input. Thus the mechanism considered here (the change in firing
pattern of subthalamic neurons through the dopamine-induced change of membrane
properties) may be one of the potential mechanisms responsible for the
generation of the intermittent synchronization observed in Parkinson's disease.Comment: 27 pages, 9 figure
- …