Equalities between h-type indices and definitions of rational h-type indicators

Purpose: To show for which publication-citation arrays h-type indices are equal and to reconsider rational h-type indices. Results for these research questions fill some gaps in existing basic knowledge about h-type indices. Design/methodology/approach: The results and introduction of new indicators are based on well-known definitions. Findings: The research purpose has been reached: answers to the first questions are obtained and new indicators are defined. Research limitations: h-type indices do not meet the Bouyssou-Marchant independence requirement. Practical implications: On the one hand, more insight has been obtained for well-known indices such as the h-and the g-index and on the other hand, simple extensions of existing indicators have been added to the bibliometric toolbox. Relative rational h-type indices are more useful for individuals than the existing absolute ones. Originality/value: Answers to basic questions such as "when are the values of two h-type indices equal" are provided. A new rational h-index is introduced

The compound F-2-index and the compound H-index as extension of the f(2) and h-indexes from a dynamic perspective

Purpose: Elaboration of an indicator to include the dynamic aspect of citations in bibliometric indexes. Design/methodology/approach: A new bibliometric methodology-the f(2)-index-is applied at the career level and at the level of the recent 5 years to analyze the dynamic aspect of bibliometrics. The method is applied, as an illustration, to the field of corporate governance. Findings: The compound F-2-index as an extension of the f(2)-index recognizes past achievements but also values new research work with potential. The method is extended to the h-index and the h(2)-index. An activity index is defined as the ratio between the recent h'-index to the career h-index. Research limitations: The compound F-2 and H-indexes are PAC, probably approximately correct, and depend on the selection and database. Practical implications: The F-2- and H compound indexes allow identifying the rising stars of a field from a dynamic perspective. The activity ratio highlights the contribution of younger researchers. Originality/value: The new methodology demonstrates the underestimated dynamic capacity of bibliometric research

Knowledge in pollution-saving technological change

This thesis looks at the role that technical knowledge plays in the transition in industry away from pollution-intensive production methods. It uses econometric techniques and qualitative analysis to test three aspects of the relationship between knowledge and pollution-saving technological change-related outcomes, all in the context of US industry, and all with respect to conventional pollutants. The first paper observes that the level of industrial environmental R&D spending steadily declined from the late 1970s onward. Employing an estimation model with industry fixed effects, the hypothesis is tested that this decline was the result of the conditioning effect of greater flexibility in the design of the environmental policy on the environmental regulatory burden born by industry. The second paper investigates the sources of the change in SO2 intensity of electricity production undergone by electric power plants under the SO2 cap and trade program. Mixed methods including quantile regression are used to compare the effect of frontier technical knowledge on the extent of change undergone, relative to the effect of knowledge un-intensive techniques. The third paper investigates why a small number of inventions aimed at controlling pollution from automobiles turned out to be so much more technologically influential than the great majority of comparable inventions, which exerted very little technological influence at all. Negative binomial regression is used to test the effect of the composition of the stock of knowledge that the automobile companies brought to bear on the inventive process. These studies find that pollution-saving technological change is characterised more by the repurposing and adaptation of existing knowledge and by the churn among existing technologies, than by universal technological advance in dedicated environmental technologies. The implications for climate mitigation policy are discussed in the conclusions

Are Corporate Super PAC Contributions Waste or Self-Dealing? A Closer Look

This Article is organized into four parts and a brief conclusion. Part II provides a brief background on the Citizens United decision. Part III describes derivative lawsuits, the business judgment rule, and what little leading scholars have said about shareholders’ ability to challenge corporate political contributions using derivative suits. Parts IV and V, respectively, summarize and critique arguments advanced by two recent authors, that shareholders could challenge political contributions as a breach of the duty of loyalty. Part IV deals with the theory of corporate waste and Part V deals with the theory of self-dealin

Toward the Inclusion of Environmental Factors in the Concept and Measure of National Income.

This dissertation uses Sir John Hicks\u27 concept of income as a guide to integrate environmental factors into the concept and measure of national income. Chapter 1 introduces Hicks\u27 concept of income as the maximum amount which one can consume in a given period and still be as well off at the end of the period as he was at the beginning. This basic idea of sustainability requires accounting for the net depletion of all capital consumed in current production. Chapter 2 documents recent trends in natural resource use to demonstrate that exclusion of the depreciation of environmental capital from NNP is a pressing practical issue. Chapter 3 provides a general framework for the analysis of production functions with natural capital service flows, Hicksian income and wealth, and income measurement in the case of natural capital service flows. Chapter 4 critiques the present treatment of environmental factors in income and wealth measures from the perspective of Hicksian income. Chapter 5 and 6 critique proposals for modification of the economic accounts to more fully reflect environmental factors. Chapter 5 considers aggregation methods which value the depreciation of environmental capital in monetary terms. Chapter 6 considers disaggregated methods which require physical measures of changes in marketable natural resource stocks and nonmarketable environmental capacity linked to the economic accounts. Chapter 7 provides an empirical example of environmental accounting by estimating several capital consumption allowances for loss of Louisiana wetlands in 1986 due to oil and gas activity. Two different methods are used to estimate physical damage functions of wetlands due to oil and gas activity. The first method relies on ecologists\u27 consensus estimates of oil and gas induced wetland loss over a 24 year period. The second method uses a time series statistical model of annual wetland loss and oil and gas activity over 32 year period. These physical damage functions are then combined with measures of wetland values from other studies to form estimates of the capitalized environmental loss to Louisiana and the United States of 1986 oil and gas activity in the Louisiana wetlands. Chapter 8 is the summary of the dissertation