Association Between Cigarette Advertisement, Peer Group, Parental Education, Family Income, and Pocket Money with Smoking Behavior Among Adolescents in Karanganyar District, Central Java

Background: Adolescents are susceptible to positive and negative influences from the social environment. One of the negative influences is smoking behavior. Smoking in adolescents can have deleterous effect on health and academic achievement. This study aimed to determine the association between cigarette advertisement, peer group, parental education, family income, and pocket money on smoking behavior among adolescents.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study using cross-sectional design. This study was carried out in Colomadu Sub district, Karanganyar District, Central Java. A sample of 100 teenagers was selected for this study. The dependent variable was smoking behavior. The independent variables were exposure to cigarette advertisement, peer group, parental education, family income, and pocket money. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire. The data were analyzed by logistic regression.Results: Smoking behavior in adolescents was associated with exposure to cigarette advertisement (OR=22.58; 95% CI =2.42 to 210.69; p=0.006), peer group (OR=44.00; 95% CI =3.99 to 485.33; p=0.002), parental education (OR= 36.92; 95% CI =3.12 to 427.81; p=0.004), family income (OR=0.09; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.97; p=0.047), and pocket money (OR=10.56; 95% CI=1.22 to 91.56; p=0.032).Conclusion: Smoking behavior in adolescents was associated with exposure to cigerrete advertisement, peer group, parental education, family income, and pocket money.Keywords: cigarette advertisement, peer group, parental education, family income, pocket moneyCorrespondence: Windiarti Dwi Purnaningrum. Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health, Surakarta. Email: [email protected]. Phone: +628562995373.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2017), 2(2): 148-158https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2017.02.02.0

Cigarette Money and Black Market Prices around the 1948 German Miracle

This paper is an empirical study of the distribution of black prices among 120 Bavarian locations at two dates, the beginning of July, 1947 and the end of June, 1948. It shows huge differences in the liquidity of those goods either when measured with the coefficient of variation or the number of locations in which those goods were traded. The main finding is that liquidity of cigarette was very high either when measured by the coefficient of variation and or the number of counties that traded them. This made them special, even when compared with a pure fiat object such as the US dollar. Consistently with the insights of the modern theory of money, the high liquidity of cigarettes is indicative of its use as money.

Stop Smoking for New Year\u27s and get a Big Payoff

News release announces that if you stop smoking on New Year\u27s Day and invest your cigarette money, your retirement fund could be anywhere from $66,322 to$884,664 richer

MONEY LAUNDERING ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE FINANCIAL CRISIS - A ROMANIAN REALITY

The purpose of most illegal activities (especially those in the economic field), whether illegal as specific to organized crime networks (cigarette smuggling, alcohol; traffic of weapons, nuclear material, drugs, human beings; trade in protected species of animals and plants, with human tissues and organs; forgery of currency or other values etc.) or other illegal activities developed more or less in organized manner (such as embezzlement, corruption, tax evasion, fraud, informatics fraud), is to generate funds for the organized criminality group or individual that develops them. As these illegal activities generate substantial funds, the organized criminality group or individual (launderer) involved have to find a way to control these funds without attracting attention to the activity which generates them or to the persons concerned. Through the process of money laundering one tries and succeeds (in most cases) to hide the real origin and possession of these funds. In the context of the current financial crisis, the phenomenon of money laundering experiences an extension and a specialization without precedent. This situation demands a concerted reaction by the authorities who enforce the law in preventing and fighting money laundering and no only.underground economy, tax evasion, fraud, money laundering

Factors associated with adolescent cigarette smoking in Greece: Results from a cross sectional study (GYTS Study)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Data about the predictors of smoking among adolescents in Greece are sparse. We tried to identify factors associated with current cigarette smoking among in-school adolescents in Greece in the context of GYTS study.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A secondary analysis of data from a questionnaire study using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey methodology was conducted to identify factors associated with smoking among adolescents in Greece. Data were collected in 2004–2005. The outcome variable was cigarette smoking within the past 30 days preceding the survey while independent variables included age, gender, parental educational status, parental smoking, perception of harmfulness of smoking, and the amount of pocket money at the adolescent's disposal.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>6141 adolescents (51.5% males and 48.5% females) participated in the study. In multivariate analysis, cigarette smoking was associated with male gender (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1, 08–3.08), parental smoking (OR: 2.59; 95% CI: 1.45–5.89), and having pocket money ≥ 16 Euros (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.19–5.98).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Male gender, parental smoking, and having pocket-money ≥ 16 Euros were independently associated with current smoking among Greek students. These findings could be taken into account in order to formulate a comprehensive anti-smoking strategy in Greece.</p

Interdependence Between Illegal Trade in Tobacco and Corruption, Money Laundering and Organized Crime

Scientific research results indicate that the links between cigarette smuggling and organised crime are largely confirmed in terms of cigarette smuggling financial management and marketing, and sometimes – in terms of cigarette smuggling networks and channels. When analysing the links between cigarette smuggling and corruption, it was found that corruption promotes tobacco smuggling by creating favourable conditions for the development of distribution channels and providing smuggling beneficiaries an opportunity to buy political protection, but the impact of declining tobacco tax tariffs on corruption was not found. A substantial number of previous studies confirmed existence of the links between cigarette smuggling and money laundering, but no links between criminal liability for smuggling and money laundering in criminal cases were identified. It was also found that illicit trade in tobacco products can be funded not only through money laundering schemes, but also through unjustified public authority contracts with large tobacco corporations for compensation of unpaid taxes in case of seizure of smuggled tobacco products. This suggests that the link between cigarette smuggling and money laundering is plausible, but not fully established, thus the project was aimed at to assess the impact of illegal turnover in tobacco products on corruption, money laundering and organised crime in Ukraine, Armenia, Serbia, Georgia, Moldavia and Albania

Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Penggunaan Rokok Elektrik pada Perokok Pemuladi SMA Kota Bekasi

Based on the results of the preliminary survey that conducted by the researcher by spreading questionnaires to 581 High School students in Bekasi resulting 22.3% smoke electronic cigarette with details the active novice smokers who're using electronic cigarette in the amount of 8.3% while about 13.4% where the smokers who used to smoke tobacco cigarette are now moved on to electronic cigarette. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that associated with the USAge of electronic cigarette to novice smokers in Bekasi City's High School. The type of this research is descriptive analytic with quantitative approach method. The used research design is cross-sectional study, where the amount of the population in this research is 52 people who are novice electronic smokers in four Bekasi City's High School. The Total of Population technique is used to get the sample for this research where the entire population get the chance to be the sample for the research. Data analysis includes descriptive analysis with the presentation of the frequency distribution table and the analytic analysis uses Chi-Square test to see whether there or not there the relation between respondents' friends' support and family's support with the USAge of electronic cigarette in Bekasi City's High School. Statistical test results show that 67.3% respondents use electronic cigarrete. The variables related with the USAge of electronic cigarette to novice smokers in Bekasi City's High School is the availability of the electronic cigarette (p-value = 0.000), the affordability of the electronic cigarette (p-value = 0.000), and the respondents' friends' support (p-value = 0.016). While the respondents' knowledge about the electronic cigarette (p-vaalue = 0.416), the respondents' attitude to the USAge of the electronic cigarette (p-value = 0.538), the respondents' pocket money (p-value = 1.000) and the family's support (p-value = 0,238) is not related with the USAge of the electronic cigarette to novice smokers in Bekasi City's High School

People’s Support on Sin Tax to Finance UHC in Indonesia, 2016

AbstractIndonesia has the highest prevalence of smokers with 67% of adult males were smokers. Smoking prevalence among all adults increased sharply from 27% in 1995 to 36.3% in 2013. High consumption of cigarettes has been correlated with low price and excise of cigarettes. Experiences from other countries showed that one of the most effective way to reduce cigarette consumption is by increasing cigarette price and excise. Burden of tobacco related diseases has increased. The health burden will increase claims of JKN or Universal Health Coverage which currently has claim ratio of 115% and the quality of care remain low. The difficulties in collecting contribution from non salaried workers are blamed to contribute the deficit. Many countries have earmarked cigarette excise to supplement financing of (UHC) both in tax-funded system or in social health insurance system. The question is do people support? This study explored the possibility the people’s support to increase cigarette prices and excise to meet financial shortage of the JKN.ObjectivesThis polling conducted to explore cigarette consumption and supports of price increase to finance JKN or UHC.MethodsThis study used telephone polling conducted form December 2015 to January 2016. The sample (n=1,000) was randomly selected using systematic random by the interval of 20,000 of mobile phones numbers. Analysis is focused on how various groups support incrasing cigarette prices and excise. The final analysis is logistic regression to assess any difference in supporting the excise increase.Results and DiscussionThe polling (65.9% males and 3.3% females) showed 41.3% respondents consume 1-2 pack cig­arette per day with spending of IDR 450 – 600 thousands per month. In total, 80.3% respondents support increasing cigarette price and exice to supplement health financing of JKN. The proportion of non smokers who supported the earmarking was higher (83.4% ) compared to smokers (75.9%), but the difference is not significance in the final model. The proportion of smokers who know that cigarette is harmful reached 96.8% but the large majority of them had difficulties to quit smoking. There are plenty of room to mobilize money through increasing price and excise of cigrettes since more than 72.3% of smokers said that they would stop smoking if the price of cigarette is above IDR 50,000 per pack; far above current prices. If the prices of cigarettes are double and the excise level reaching maximum allowable levels, there is potential to increase revenue up to IDR 70 Trillion that is almost equivalent to estimate all claim of JKN in 2016. In the logistic model, all groups of respondents unanimously support increasing prices and excise of cigarettes to finance JKN.ConclusionThe prevalence of cigarette smoking is high because of prices of cigarette is relatively cheap and the excise levels have not reduced consumption. This study found that large majority (80%) of non smokers and 76% smokers supported increasing cigarette prices and excise to supplement financing for the JKN. The potential money to supplement JKN is double of the current revenue of JKN