The Effect of Child Preschool Education on Labor Force Participation of Married Women of Childbearing Age

In the context of the decline in working-age population and exhaustion of demographic dividend in China, how to increase the supply of labor has become an issue critical to economic development. Optimizing preschool education system and enhancing the accessibility of high-quality and low-cost pre-primary schooling help free married women from childcare, boost their labor force participation, and thus, augment the supply of labor. This study discovers that the labor force participation rate of women who enroll all their preschool-age children in kindergartens is 1.32 times that of those who do not do so; and that for working women, preschool attendance of all their kids can increase their working time by four hours per week. After classifying the sample according to the level of household income and type of Hukou (registered permanent residence), it finds that child preschool attendance can more significantly raise the employment probability of women from high-income families and more prominently increase working hours of those with rural Hukou

Informetrics on accidents and trauma

MEDLINE database has been analysed for 1995-97 on index Accidents and Trauma. Publications output has been classified year-wise country-wise, journal-wise and other fine structure characteristics have been found. High frequency keywords have been identified. Other valuable data have been compiled. The value of informater for decision-making is brought out by this study and the comprehensive data compilation by MEDLINE is established

Assistência de enfermagem à criança autista: revisão integrativa

Introduction: The Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) configures a neurodevelopmental disorder that involves social interaction, communication and behavior identified generally in pre-school children. The nursing professionals must perform the management and monitoring of the autistic child.Objective: To examine the scientific evidence about nursing care to the autistic child.Methodology: An integrative review of the literature, held in databases: CINAHL, Web of Science and LILACS databases using the search terms: “Nursing Care”, “Child”, “Child, Preschool”, “Autistic Disorder” and “Autism Spectrum Disorder”. There were included articles published between the period of 2013 to 2017 in Portuguese, Spanish and English.Resulted: The articles included were presented in summary table and the analysis of the results was performed descriptively presenting the synthesis of studies through comparisons and highlight of differences and/or similarities. It was identified that is basic to nursing to have empathy, holistic vision and knowledge to perform singular assistance and of quality for the child and family.Conclusion: Nursing uses the empathy, holistic view and different strategies for the care to the autistic child; however, the professionals refer difficulties in clinical practice. The publications on the subject are scarce being necessary the development of clinical research.  Introducción: El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) configura un trastorno del neurodesarrollo que compromete la interacción social, comunicación y comportamiento, identificado generalmente, en el niño preescolar. Los profesionales de enfermería deben realizar el manejo y acompañamiento del niño autista.Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias científicas sobre la asistencia de Enfermería al niño autista.Metodología: Revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en la base de datos: CINAHL, Web of Science e LILACS, se utilizó como descriptores: Nursing Care/Cuidados de Enfermagem”, “Child/Criança”, “Child, Preschool/Pré-escolar”, “Autism Disorder/Transtorno Autístico” y “Autism Spectrum Disorder/Transtorno do Espectro Autista”. Se incluyeron artículos publicados entre el período de 2013 a 2017 en portugués, español e inglés.Resultados: Los artículos incluidos fueron presentados en cuadro sinóptico y el análisis de los resultados fue realizado de forma descriptiva presentando la síntesis de los estudios por medio de comparaciones y destaque de diferencias y / o semejanzas. Se identificó que es fundamental que la enfermería tenga empatía, visión holística y conocimiento para realizar asistencia singular y de calidad para el niño y la familia.Conclusión: La enfermería utiliza la empatía, visión holística y diferentes estrategias para el cuidado del niño autista, sin embargo, los profesionales refieren dificultades en la práctica clínica. Las publicaciones sobre la temática son escasas siendo necesario el desarrollo de investigaciones clínicas.Introdução: O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) configura uma perturbação do neurodesenvolvimento que compromete a interação social, comunicação e comportamento identificado geralmente na criança pré-escolar. Os profissionais de enfermagem devem realizar o manejo e acompanhamento da criança autista. Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas sobre a assistência de Enfermagem à criança autista.Metodologia: Revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados: CINAHL, Web of Science e LILACS utilizando os termos de busca: “Nursing Care/Cuidados de Enfermagem”, “Child/Criança”, “Child, Preschool/Pré-escolar”, “Autism Disorder/Transtorno Autístico” e “Autism Spectrum Disorder/Transtorno do Espectro Autista”. Foram incluídos artigos publicados entre o período de 2013 a 2017 nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês.Resultados: Os artigos incluídos foram apresentados em quadro sinóptico e a análise dos resultados foi realizada de forma descritiva apresentando a síntese dos estudos por meio de comparações e destaque de diferenças e/ou semelhanças. Identificou-se que é fundamental à enfermagem ter empatia, visão holística e conhecimento para realizar assistência singular e de qualidade para a criança e família. Conclusão: A enfermagem utiliza a empatia, visão holística e diferentes estratégias para o cuidado a criança autista, no entanto os profissionais referem dificuldades na pratica clínica. As publicações sobre a temática são escassas sendo necessário o desenvolvimento de pesquisas clínicas

Relación del uso prolongado del chupón con la otitis media aguda

Introduction: The pacifier is defined as an object whose shape is similar to that of a nipple and is made of rubber, making it easier for children to suck, many times it is mothers who include it in breastfeeding without measuring the consequences and effects that it causes with constant use. , affecting health, one of them (Acute Otitis Media). The objective of this systematic review is to determine the relationship between the frequent use of pacifiers and the development of AOM (Acute Otitis Media) in children under 48 months of age. Methods: To carry out the search, the following question was posed: What is the relationship between prolonged pacifier use and otitis media in children under 4 years of age? The search was carried out from May 16 to June 20, 2022. scientific databases reviewed were: PubMed, Ebsco, ScienceDirect, ProQuest and Scopus. To carry out the systematic review, the Boolean operators AND and OR were used, in which three specific combinations (DeCS and MeSH) were used to perform the combinations and execute the search. Results: Initially 1883 were found, but after applying the inclusion and exclusion rules, a total of 45 articles were analyzed. Said reviews began to be reviewed by titles, abstract, and finally, the full text was read, thus leaving only three articles according to the objectives set. Conclusion: The results obtained through this study show the relationship between the prolonged use of the pacifier or pacifier with the development and incidence of AOM (Acute Otitis Media) in children under four years of age, it was possible to observe which is a very frequent emergency in the pediatric population. On the other hand, it is estimated that this population under three years of age has had at least one picture of it, more current studies are required to compare if the incidence statistics of the relationship between pacifier and AOM have been increasing.Introducción:  El chupón se define como un objeto cuya forma es similar a la de un pezón y es de goma facilitando a los niños la succión, muchas veces son las madres las que incluyen en la lactancia sin medir las consecuencias y efectos que ocasiona con el uso constante, repercutiendo en la salud, uno de ellos la (Otitis Media Aguda). El objetivo de la presente revisión sistemática, tiene consigo determinar la relación del uso frecuente del pacificador con el desarrollo de un cuadro de OMA (Otitis Media Aguda) en niños menores a 48 meses de edad. Métodos: Para la realización de la búsqueda se planteó la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cuál es la relación del uso prolongado del chupón con la otitis media en niños menores de 4 años?.La búsqueda fue realizada del 16 de mayo al 20 de junio del 2022. Las bases de datos científicas revisadas fueron: PubMed, Ebsco, ScienceDirect, ProQuest y Scopus. Para llevar a cabo la revisión sistemática se usaron los operadores booleanos AND y OR, en la que se utilizaron tres combinaciones específicas (DeCS y MeSH) para realizar las combinaciones y ejecutar la búsqueda. Resultados: En un principio se encontraron 1883, pero después de aplicar las normas de inclusión y exclusión, fueron analizados un total de 45 artículos. Dichas revisiones pasaron a ser revisadas por títulos, abstract, y para finalizar se condujo a la lectura de texto completo, quedando así solo tres artículos de acorde a los objetivos trazados. Conclusión: Los resultados que se obtuvieron a través de este estudio muestran la relación que existe entre el uso prolongado del chupón o pacificador con el desarrollo e incidencia de cuadros de la OMA (Otitis Media Aguda) en niños menores de cuatro años de edad, se pudo observar que es una emergencia en la población pediátrica muy frecuente. Por otro lado, se estima que dicha población menor a tres años de edad ha tenido al menos un cuadro de la misma, se requiere de más estudios actuales para comparar si las estadísticas de incidencia de la relación entre chupón y la OMA han ido en aumento

Natural History of Stuttering to 4 Years of Age: A Prospective Community-Based Study

These findings from a community-ascertained cohort refute long-held views suggesting that developmental stuttering is associated with a range of poorer outcomes. If anything, the reverse was true, with stuttering predicting subsequently better language,nonverbal skills, and psychosocial health-related quality of life at 4 years of age.Future research with this cohort will support a more complete longitudinal understanding of when and in whom recovery occurs. Current best practice recommends waiting for 12 monthsbefore commencing treatment, unlessthe child is distressed, there is parental concern, or the child becomes reluctant to communicate. It may be that for many children treatment could be deferred even longer. Treatment is efficacious15 but is both intensive (median of 15.4o ne-hour clinical sessions followedby 10 one-hour clinical maintenance sessions) and expensive; this "watchful waiting" recommendation would therefore help target allocation of scarce resources to the small number of children who do not resolve and experience adverse outcomes, secure in the knowledge that delaying treatment by a year or more has been shown not to compromise treatment efficac