Movie Pirates of the Caribbean: Exploring Illegal Streaming Cyberlockers

Online video piracy (OVP) is a contentious topic, with strong proponents on both sides of the argument. Recently, a number of illegal websites, called streaming cyberlockers, have begun to dominate OVP. These websites specialise in distributing pirated content, underpinned by third party indexing services offering easy-to-access directories of content. This paper performs the first exploration of this new ecosystem. It characterises the content, as well the streaming cyberlockers' individual attributes. We find a remarkably centralised system with just a few networks, countries and cyberlockers underpinning most provisioning. We also investigate the actions of copyright enforcers. We find they tend to target small subsets of the ecosystem, although they appear quite successful. 84% of copyright notices see content removed

Movie Pirates of the Caribbean: Exploring Illegal Streaming Cyberlockers

Online video piracy (OVP) is a contentious topic, with strong proponents on both sides of the argument. Recently, a number of illegal websites, called streaming cyberlockers, have begun to dominate OVP. These websites specialise in distributing pirated content, underpinned by third party indexing services offering easy-to-access directories of content. This paper performs the first exploration of this new ecosystem. It characterises the content, as well the streaming cyberlockers' individual attributes. We find a remarkably centralised system with just a few networks, countries and cyberlockers underpinning most provisioning. We also investigate the actions of copyright enforcers. We find they tend to target small subsets of the ecosystem, although they appear quite successful. 84% of copyright notices see content removed

Resistance commons : file-sharing litigation and the social system of commoning

textThis dissertation is an investigation into the practice of peer-to-peer file-sharing and the litigation campaign targeting individual file-sharers carried out by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) from 2003 to 2008. The competing conceptualizations of social relations which motivate the conflict over peer-to-peer file-sharing are explored using a combination of Autonomist Marxist theory and structuration theory. Peer-to-peer file-sharing is framed as part of the social system of commoning stemming from the recent ascendancy of immaterial labor within that sector of the economy dedicated to the production and distribution of informational and cultural goods. The RIAA litigation campaign is framed as a reaction to the emergence of new forms of social relations which are seen by the content-producing industries as subversive of revenue streams premised on commodity exchange in informational and cultural goods. The history of the RIAA litigation campaign is presented in detail with careful attention given to those instances in which defendants and other interested parties fought back against RIAA legal actions. The acts of resistance within the legal arena affected the ultimate potential of the litigation campaign to control the spread of file-sharing activities. Subsequent legal campaigns which have been based on the RIAA litigation model are also examined. These later file-sharing cases have been met with similar forms of resistance which have likewise mitigated the impact of legal efforts to combat file-sharing. In addition, a survey of file-sharers is included in this research as part of an attempt to understand the relationship between legal actions targeting peer-to-peer systems and individual file-sharers and the technological and social development of peer-to-peer systems. This research argues that file-sharing litigation has proven ineffective in turning back the flood of file-sharing and may have increased the technological sophistication and community ties among file-sharers. In the end, the conflict over peer-to-peer file-sharing is cast as a manifestation of a larger dynamic of capitalist crisis as content-producing industries attempt to come to terms with the contradictory tendencies of immaterial labor and the production of common pools of digital resources.Radio-Television-Fil

The Informal Screen Media Economy of Ukraine

This research explores informal film translation (voice over and subtitling) and distribution (pirate streaming and torrenting) practices in Ukraine, which together comprise what I call the informal screen media economy of Ukraine. This study addresses wider issues of debate around the distinct reasons media piracy exists in non-Western economies. There is already a considerable body of research on piracy outside of the traditional anti-piracy discourse, one that recognises that informal media are not all unequivocally destructive nor that they are necessarily marginal, particularly in non-Western countries. Yet, there remain gaps in the range of geographies and specific types of pirate practices being studied. Furthermore, academics often insufficiently address the intricate conditions of the context within which a given pirate activity is undertaken. Finally, whereas many researchers talk about pirates, considerably fewer talk to them. This project sets out to address these gaps. Specifically, I examine the distinct practicalities of the informal screen media practices in Ukraine through netnographic observations of pirate sites and in-depth interviews with the Ukrainian informal screen media practitioners. I explore their notably diverse motivations for engaging in these activities and how they negotiate their practices with the complex economic, cultural, and regulatory context of Ukraine. I find that, contrary to common perceptions, the Ukrainian pirates do not oppose the copyright law but operate largely within and around it. A more important factor in piracy in Ukraine instead is the economics of the Ukrainian language. This is reflected in the language exclusivity inherent to most Ukrainian pirate distribution platforms as well as in the motives of some informal translators, for whom their practice is a form of language activism. Overall, I argue for a more holistic approach to researching the informal space of the media economy, especially in non-Western contexts, one that recognises the heterogeneity of this space and explores accordingly intricate factors behind its existence. In addition, this project offers a methodological contribution by providing a detailed reflection on the use of ethnographic methods to study a pirate economy in a non-Western, non-anglophone country

Contribución a las metodologías de estimación de demanda de tráfico de Internet mediante la caracterización de perfiles de usuario

Esta tesis doctoral propone una metodología de estimación de demanda de tráfico de Internet basada en la caracterización de perfiles de usuario de Internet, con el objetivo de analizar el rendimiento y dimensionamiento de una red de acceso. Se realiza un exhaustivo análisis del estado del arte clasificado en tres partes. La primera parte se encuentra relacionada con la caracterización de usuarios en Internet. Incluye un estudio de las metodologías de extracción de conocimiento basado en técnicas de minería de datos, y un análisis de modelos teóricos y estudios previos de usuarios de Internet. En la segunda parte, se incluye un análisis de modelos teóricos para caracterizar fuentes de tráfico de aplicaciones de Internet, así como un estudio comparativo de los modelos de tráfico ON/OFF para un conjunto de aplicaciones representativas de Internet. En la última parte, se incluye un estudio de las arquitecturas de redes de acceso más relevantes y se propone un modelo genérico de arquitectura de red de acceso. Esta tesis doctoral define un marco metodológico basado en Procesos de Descubrimiento de Conocimiento (KDPs), con el que extraer, identificar y caracterizar, a los usuarios de Internet a partir de fuentes de información estadística. Se ha aplicado esta metodología a los usuarios residenciales en España y se ha identificado una distinción clara entre No-Usuarios (47%) y Usuarios de Internet (53%). Dentro de los usuarios de Internet se han extraído 4 perfiles de usuarios: Esporádicos (16%), Instrumentales (10%), Sociales (14%) y Avanzados (13%). Esta metodología también ha sido aplicada a años anteriores con el fin de realizar un pronóstico de la evolución de la tipología de usuarios de Internet en España. A continuación, se propone un método de estimación de demanda de tráfico basado en los perfiles de usuario de Internet identificados, con el objetivo de analizar el rendimiento de la red de acceso subyacente. Esta metodología se encuentra basada en 3 modelos: red de acceso, tráfico de red y perfiles de usuario y aplicaciones. Por último, la tesis presenta un modelo y una herramienta de simulación con la que se implementa el método de estimación de demanda anteriormente descrito. El modelo y la herramienta de simulación han sido validados frente a un modelo analítico mediante el uso de un escenario simplificado basado en fuentes de tráfico ON/OFF homogéneas. Mediante el uso de la herramienta de simulación desarrollada, se aplica la metodología de estimación de demanda a dos casos de uso, que se corresponden a dos escenarios de redes de acceso idénticas, a excepción de la caracterización de los usuarios de la misma. En el primer caso de uso, la red de acceso se caracteriza por los perfiles de usuario residenciales de Internet identificados para el año 2012, y en el segundo caso de uso, se utiliza el pronóstico de evolución de perfiles de usuario de Internet para el año 2017. Se concluye con una comparación del rendimiento de la red de acceso para ambos casos de uso, a partir del análisis del Grado de Servicio (GoS) de ambos escenarios