El Efecto Mcgurk En Consonantes Oclusivas Sonoras Y Sordas Del Español De Chile. The Mcgurk Effect In Stop Voiced And Voiceless Consonants In Spanish From Chile

RESUMEN El efecto McGurk es un fenómeno perceptivo audiovisual de efecto fuerte, en el cual la información visual de una sílaba es incongruente con las pistas auditivas presentadas a los espectadores. Esto genera confusiones perceptivas en el espectador. El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad contribuir a los  estudios sobre percepción de las consonantes oclusivas sonoras y sordas del español de Chile. Para ello, se trabaja dentro de un paradigma McGurk, mediante un experimento en el cual 84 participantes son expuestos a 8 estímulos audiovisuales incongruentes, con el fin de comprobar este fenómeno en hablantes chilenos y medir sus respuestas. A partir de ellas, se proponen algunas hipótesis sobre cuáles serían los rasgos determinantes para la percepción de las consonantes oclusivas presentadas. Además, se comparan los resultados obtenidos con los reportados para otras lenguas. Los participantes muestran uso tanto de las pistas visuales y auditivas al menos en la mitad de los casos; no obstante, el patrón de respuesta ante la serie sonora y la serie sorda es el inverso al reportado en otros estudios. ABSTRACT The McGurk effect is a robust audiovisual phenomenon in which the visual information of a syllable does not match the auditory cues presented to the listeners. This generates perceptive confusions on the listeners. The former study’s aim, is to contribute to the perception research of voiced and voiceless stop consonants in Chilean Spanish. Therefore, an experiment within a McGurk paradigm is performed, in which 84 participants are exposed, individually, to 8 incongruent audiovisual stimulus, in order to demonstrate whether this  phenomenon could be proved among Chilean speakers and to assess their answers. Thus, some hypothesis are given to explain which the decisive features in the perception of the presented stop consonants could be. Furthermore, the results are compared to those obtained in other languages. Participants show the use of both visual and auditory cues. Nonetheless, the answer pattern for voiced and voiceless consonants is different from those reported in the consulted literature

The Effect of Age-related Declines in Inhibitory Control on Audiovisual Speech Intelligibility

Audiovisual: AV) speech perception is perception in which both auditory and visual information is available in order to understand a talker, compared to an auditory signal alone, during face-to-face communication. This form of communication yields significantly higher word recognition performance as compared to either sensory modality alone, constituting a general AV advantage for speech perception. Despite an overall AV advantage, older adults seem to receive less benefit from this bimodal presentation than do younger adults. However, there is evidence to suggest that not all age-related deficits in AV speech perception are of a sensory nature, but are also influenced by cognitive factors: e.g. Pichora-Fuller et al., 1995). In the current study, I extend an existing model of spoken-word recognition to the AV domain and refer to the new model as the Auditory-Visual Neighborhood Activation Model: AV-NAM). The primary goal of the current study was to examine the cognitive factors that contribute to age-related and individual differences in AV perception of words varying in lexical density: i.e. easy and hard words). Forty-nine younger and 50 older adults completed a series of cognitive inhibition tasks and several spoken word identification tasks. The words were presented in auditory-only, visual-only, and AV conditions. Overall, younger adults demonstrated better inhibitory abilities and higher word identification performance than older adults. However, whereas no relationship was observed between inhibitory measures and word identification performance in younger adults, there was a significant relationship between inhibition, as measured by Stroop interference, and intelligibility of lexically difficult words in older adults. These results are interpreted within the framework of the newly adapted AV-NAM and the implications for inhibitory deficits in older adults that contribute to impairments in speech perception