Control of position sensor input to Ecdis on high speed craft

Project thesis submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Position and Navigation Technology at The University of NottinghamBy 2018 all larger ships are to be equipped with Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS). The paradigm shift from paper charts to electronic charts has been a technological leap for mariners, and the Integrated Navigation Systems (INS) are getting more and more complex. This leads to new challenges for the navigators of today. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) such as GPS are the primary position sensor input for ECDIS, and it has since its early beginning in the middle of the 1990s been very reliable. National and worldwide statistics show that there has been a slight increase in navigational accidents since the introduction of ECDIS, but the reasons for this is not clear. In the literature review it is laid down that position sensors have its potential fault, and GNSS and its augmentation systems is described to better understand its advantageous and limitations. Control of ECDIS with position control methods are explored, and divided into two methods of control: Visual- and Conventional methods. Through field work, simulator tests and interviews the findings are clear. The navigators of today rely too much upon their primary position sensor which normally is a GNSS such as GPS. A questionnaire reveals that the navigators have insufficient deeper system knowledge of the navigation aids in use. This can lead to a potentially serious accident with loss of lives and large environmental damage. To achieve safe navigation it is important to continuously conduct control of primary position sensor input to ECDIS with a secondary position sensor by visual- and/or conventional control methods. The advantages and limitations with the different methods of control are discussed. Position sensors such as GNSS can fail, and navigators of today and tomorrow need to monitor the position sensor input to ECDIS with other means than GNSS

New mobility strategies for the development of tourism in Sicily

Tourism and Transport is a well established and inseparable pair. An areas can increase the tourism in potentially own economy. This requires suitable accommodation and adequate transportation system. A positive synergy effects are induced to increase of the site. Transport is an important growth area for tourism and as a result. A better functioning of transport facilitates access to sites, decreases the cost of transport and increases tourist flows. In Sicily there are a wealth of artistic, archaeological and natural sites, generating a tourist flows during the year. Despite this, the network of connections and services is precarious. Residents and visitors are inaccessible to certain geographical areas. Often airport nodes are isolated for tourist as residents and connections to main destinations are by road transport, because rail is not competitive. Congestion of the main arteries increase negative externalities related to road transport and for tourists increases the negative perception of the journey. In this paper we propose guidelines for sustainable tourism, by analyzing the supply of mobility. The case study examines the reality of the stretch of waterfront in Western Sicily (Palermo to Trapani), introducing a faster shipping service to facilitate accessibility to tourist sites along the coast, with a network of connections that includes airports nodes

MARINE TRAFFIC ENGINEERING IN KOREAN COASTAL WATERS

This study describes and discusses the marine casualties, the effectiveness of existing traffic services, and marine safety and Vessel Traffic Service(VTS) in Korean coastal waters. Marine traffic is comprehensively assessed in Korean waters, an analysis of casualties is undertaken by block scheme. Marine environmental parameters are identified relating to marine casualties as appropriate. Various statistical techniques are employed to evaluate the inter-relationships between individual causal factors, and for the first time effect level is instituted to quantify the relative importance of the causal factors in Korean waters. A further innovation is the examination of the adequacy of existing Korean traffic services by casualty and traffic analysis, and an accident danger index is introduced to compare accident danger over different .time periods. A mixed population of contributors to marine safety is sought by questionnaire. The design of this is both innovative and original in content in order to evaluate the perceived importance of the various risk factors, the marginal effectiveness of various options in reducing risks, and their weight with regard to YTS services and activities, the main part of the study uses an original multiple coefficient to estimate casualty reduction rate and a new method to quantify the effectiveness of VTS. The Korean waters traffic study is conducted as an intermediate level and provides the data base for the main body of work. The conclusions include recommendations with respect to the stricter enforcement of the routeing scheme(TSS) and the adoption of further traffic observation/surveillance over the areas concerned. Finally it is noted in particular that additional Vessel Traffic Service and Traffic Separation Schemes are now required if any substantial improvement is to be achieved in marine traffic safety in Korean coastal waters.Korea Maritime Universit

Development of integrated training for pilots and tug masters : working within the Iranian oil exporting ports

This dissertation focuses on the present training schemes at the N.I.O.C South Oil Fields Marine Academy, for pilots and tug masters working within the Iranian oil exporting ports. The paper highlights the current weaknesses and obstacles experienced, in attempting to upgrade the system. The future outlook for Iranian oil supply and demand is studied and on the basis of this investigation the required future manpower need for pilotage operations at Iranian oil terminals is identified. A comparison is made between the standard of present tug master and pilot training schemes in this academy with those of some developed countries, as well as with the standard proposed by the International Maritime Organization and the International Maritime Pilot Association. Special attention is paid to, the problems involved in the safe operational, managerial, and legal aspects of pilotage operations. In this regard, the knowledge and experience required by tug masters and pilots, with particular emphasis on the new technological developments, teaching aids and methodology, are discussed. In order to overcome some of the problems in the present training schemes and provide flexibility and mobility in the system, a proposal is made for the development of integrated operational and managerial training for pilots and tug masters with particular reference to the Iranian oil exporting ports. In conclusion, recommendations are offered with a view to meeting the technological advancements in the maritime world, and establishing an internationally recognized minimum criteria for training tug masters and pilots in this academy

Data sources for quantitative marine traffic accident modeling

Utilization of data in quantitative accident modeling is the main concern of this report. Various data sources exist in the maritime field on a global level, but the primary interest in this report are the data sources that cover the Gulf of Finland. Other databases are included for comparison purposes or when Finland does not maintain a similar database. Special attention is given to collision and grounding accidents, and to data useful in analyzing human and organizational factors. The analyzed data sources are divided into three categories: general ship traffic data, accident data, and incident data. The sources are analyzed considering following: (1) What type of data is collected and stored; (2) What is the quantity and the quality of the data; (3) Is data available to researchers and/or public; (4) Can data be utilized in quantitative accident modeling? It is found that the data sources differ in the scope and purpose and they all have their strengths and weaknesses. The existing sources are not perfect and using any of them as the only source of input to a quantitative model seems risky. This was also acknowledged by the participants of the workshops held at IMISS conference, who agreed that marine traffic accident and incident data collection and storing has to be improved in areas such as eliminating underreporting, differences in database taxonomies, and missing and erroneous data. As the improvement of data collection systems is a long term process, an alternative approach might be to improve the models for example by combining multiple sources of data and utilizing additional prior information

Bayesian network modelling and analysis of accident severity in waterborne transportation: A case study in China

The rapid development of the shipping industry requires the use of large vessels carrying high-volume cargoes. Accidents incurred by these vessels can lead to a heavy loss of life and damage to the environment and property. As a leading country in international trade, China has developed its waterway transport systems, including inland waterways and coastal shipping, in the past decades. A few catastrophic shipping accidents have occurred during this period. This paper aims to develop a new risk analysis approach based on Bayesian networks (BNs) to enable the analysis of accident severity in waterborne transportation. Although the risk data are derived from accidents that occurred in China's waters, the risk factors influencing accident severity and the risk modelling methodology are generic and capable of generating useful insights on waterway risk analysis in a broad sense. To develop the BN-based risk model, waterway accident data are first collected from all accident investigation reports by China's Maritime Safety Administration (MSA) from 1979 to 2015. Based on the derived quantitative data, we identify the factors related to the severity of waterway accidents and use them as nodes of the risk model. Second, based on a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, an augmented naïve BN (ABN) model is selected through a comparative study with a naïve BN (NBN) model to analyse the key risk factors influencing waterway accident severity. The results show that the key factors influencing waterway safety include the type and location of the accident and the type and age of the ship. Moreover, a novel scenario analysis is conducted to predict accident severity in various situations by combining different states (e.g., high risk) of the key factors to generate useful insights for accident prevention. More specifically, the findings can aid transport authorities, ship owners and other stakeholders in improving waterborne transportation safety under uncertainty