Moral Dilemmas for Artificial Intelligence: a position paper on an application of Compositional Quantum Cognition

Traditionally, the way one evaluates the performance of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system is via a comparison to human performance in specific tasks, treating humans as a reference for high-level cognition. However, these comparisons leave out important features of human intelligence: the capability to transfer knowledge and make complex decisions based on emotional and rational reasoning. These decisions are influenced by current inferences as well as prior experiences, making the decision process strongly subjective and apparently biased. In this context, a definition of compositional intelligence is necessary to incorporate these features in future AI tests. Here, a concrete implementation of this will be suggested, using recent developments in quantum cognition, natural language and compositional meaning of sentences, thanks to categorical compositional models of meaning.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, Conference paper at Quantum Interaction 2018, Nice, France. Published in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 11690, Springer, Cham. Online ISBN 978-3-030-35895-

Are These Us? A Semiotic View of Mixed Iron-Clay Feet From Daniel 2 in the Age of Artificial Intelligent Technology

This research offers a semiotic interpretation of Daniel’s prophetic \u27mixed iron and clay feet\u27 interpretation from Nebuchadnezzar’s dream. This prophecy may be used to predict a potentially mixed Human-AI culture and its impacts on Christian faith in the age of AI and cyborgs. The Christian faith traditionally has not applied Daniel’s iron-clay feet metaphor to a potentially mixed Human-AI reality. However, I will argue that by employing this semiotic interpretation, we can inform and guide Christ’s Church, which continues to remain grossly unprepared for the questions and challenges raised by a burgeoning Human-AI culture. Knowledge of this topic will prepare the church better to navigate its future. In a potentially blended Human-AI culture, a significant opportunity exists for the Church to define what it means to be fully human and to provide a redemptive, ethical, and theological framework for the benefit of humanity in the new AI technological age. This dissertation suggests how effective Christian faith can be communicated to a blended Human-AI culture with openness, with loving mission, and maintaining the belief that God—the Alpha and the Omega—is always in control no matter how advanced our technology gets. Chapter 1 presents a semiotic analysis of the metallic human statue from Nebuchadnezzar’s dream through Daniel’s interpretation in Dan. 2. This leads the reader into a historical journey through the earthly kingdoms represented by the different metallic portions in that human statue—the gold head, the silver chest and arms, the bronze belly and thigh, the iron legs, and the mixed iron-clay feet. Chapter 2 provides 1) an overview of Biblical scholars’ interpretations of the mixed iron-clay feet metaphor through the historical lens of humanity and 2) a view of the metaphor as a potentially mixed culture between humans and humanoid AI beings, as seen through my own semiotic lens. I will explain why I chose the clay metaphor for human beings and the iron metaphor for humanoid-AI beings and will suggest how this metaphor can be helpful to us today in contemplating our own current and future culture. Chapter 3 discusses the traditional Christian belief in God’s creation and the rise of humanoid-AI beings through the two most applicable stories controversially debated in our time—the story of the Garden of Eden and the story of the computer lab. This chapter supports my traditional Christian belief in the image of God, the matter of flesh, and the matter of the soul in responding to the question of ‘what does it mean to be fully human in the mixed Human-AI culture?’ Chapter 4 further explores the analysis of what it means to be fully human and asks how the ethical framework, the redemptive framework, and the theological framework of Christianity’s rethinking effectively might work in a mixed Humanoid-AI culture. Chapter 5 suggests how Christians can turn cultural challenges into opportunities in order to communicate Christian faith and the gospel with openness and with loving kindness by affirming what it means to be human in responding to the question “Are ‘these’ us?” The chapter will also affirm our faith in an Alpha and Omega God, who is always in control no matter what will happen in a future full of mysteries and brokenness. Chapter 6 will conclude with insights into what I have learned from both science and Christianity that could help us affirm the humanness of humanity in the midst of a potentially mixed Human-AI culture. This chapter will be an open invitation for people to continue discussion into this important area of research and will invite people within the Church today to seek answers for themselves not through human political power, nor through scientific and technological supper intelligence, but through the only Person— the Son of Man and the Son of God—“Jesus Christ who is the same yesterday and today and forever” (Heb. 13:8 NRSV).

A Compositional Model of Consciousness Based on Consciousness-Only.

Scientific studies of consciousness rely on objects whose existence is assumed to be independent of any consciousness. On the contrary, we assume consciousness to be fundamental, and that one of the main features of consciousness is characterized as being other-dependent. We set up a framework which naturally subsumes this feature by defining a compact closed category where morphisms represent conscious processes. These morphisms are a composition of a set of generators, each being specified by their relations with other generators, and therefore co-dependent. The framework is general enough and fits well into a compositional model of consciousness. Interestingly, we also show how our proposal may become a step towards avoiding the hard problem of consciousness, and thereby address the combination problem of conscious experiences

Artificial Intelligence in Computer Networks : Role of AI in Network Security

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in computer networks has been emerging for the last decade, there are revolutionary inventions that have created automation and digitalization in the fields of the Internet. The layout of computer networks works in layers of topologies with the help of AI, a virtual layer of software has been added that runs predictive algorithms of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) with the help of Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL). This thesis describes the relation between AI algorithms and duplication of human cognitive behavior in emerging technologies. The advantages of AI in computer networks include automation, digitalization, Internet of Things (IoT), centralization of data, etc. At the same time, the biggest disadvantage is the ethical violation of privacy and the security of data. It is further discussed in the thesis that Artificial Intelligence uses many security protocols, including Next-Generation Firewalls, to prevent security violations. The Software Network Analysis (SNA) and Software Defined Networks (SDN) play an important role in Artificial Intelligence in computer Networks. This thesis aims to analyze the relationship between the development of AI algorithms and the duplication of the human cognitive behavior in various emerging technologies. Software Network Analysis (SNA) and Software Defined Networks (SDN) are critical components of computer network artificial intelligence. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the relationship between AI algorithms and network security. The thesis analyzes 2 main aspects, the role of Artificial Intelligence in Computer Networks and how Artificial Intelligence is helping in securing computer networks to deal with the modern network threats. Security today has become one of the main concerns, everyday a production networks receives arounds thousands of attacks of different scales, and proper network security measures are not configured and taken, a lot can be compromised. Network virtualization, Cloud Computing, has seen exponentially growth in few past years, because of the trend of less human interaction, and minimizing of doing repeated tasks over and over. Data in today’s world is now more important than it has been in decades earlier, this is because today everything is moving towards digitalization, proper Information Security policies are derived and implemented all over the world to ensure the protection of Data. Europe has its own General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) which ensures that every company who deals with data is to implement certain measures to ensure the data is protected which also involves implementing the right network security measures so that the right people have the access to the sensitive information. This thesis covers the overall impact of Artificial Intelligence in Computer Networks and Network Security

A Hybrid Analysis of the State of Automated Journalism in Canada: Current Impact and Future Implications for Journalists and Newsrooms

In recent years, certain media organizations around the world have begun adopting automated journalism to enhance their newsrooms’ productivity and reporting capacity. These tools, which can be fully- or semi-autonomous expert systems, are being implemented for a multitude of reasons, such as to ease journalists’ workflow, to expand news coverage, to uncover complex investigations and to cut costs. While some have argued automation can help increase newsroom efficiency and output, questions regarding authorship and transparency, and the implications for journalists, have come into question. Despite automated journalism’s growing presence, little is known about its integration in and influence on the Canadian news media landscape. This thesis reports on the results of qualitative interviews with nine journalists and news media professionals and aims to examine how automated journalism techniques and tools are being integrated, and the effects they have on journalists, their practices, methods, and what is being demanded of them. The purpose of this thesis is to fill a gap in the literature and in our knowledge about automated journalism’s role in Canada. Its findings conclude that, although Canada is behind in the adoption of automated journalism, there is an overwhelming consensus that the ethical guidelines of the Canadian news media industry need to be revised in order to better frame the use of automated technologies