2,265,349 research outputs found
Segregation, precipitation, and \alpha-\alpha' phase separation in Fe-Cr alloys: a multi-scale modelling approach
Segregation, precipitation, and phase separation in Fe-Cr systems is
investigated. Monte Carlo simulations using semiempirical interatomic
potential, first-principles total energy calculations, and experimental
spectroscopy are used. In order to obtain a general picture of the relation of
the atomic interactions and properties of Fe-Cr alloys in bulk, surface, and
interface regions several complementary methods has to be used. Using Exact
Muffin-Tin Orbitals method the effective chemical potential as a function of Cr
content (0-15 at.% Cr) is calculated for a surface, second atomic layer and
bulk. At ~10 at.% Cr in the alloy the reversal of the driving force of a Cr
atom to occupy either bulk or surface sites is obtained. The Cr containing
surfaces are expected when the Cr content exceeds ~10 at.%. The second atomic
layer forms about 0.3 eV barrier for the migration of Cr atoms between bulk and
surface atomic layer. To get information on Fe-Cr in larger scales we use
semiempirical methods. Using combined Monte Carlo molecular dynamics
simulations, based on semiempirical potential, the precipitation of Cr into
isolated pockets in bulk Fe-Cr and the upper limit of the solubility of Cr into
Fe layers in Fe/Cr layer system is studied. The theoretical predictions are
tested using spectroscopic measurements. Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
and Auger electron spectroscopy investigations were carried out to explore Cr
segregation and precipitation in Fe/Cr double layer and Fe_0.95Cr_0.05 and
Fe_0.85Cr_0.15 alloys. Initial oxidation of Fe-Cr was investigated
experimentally at 10^-8 Torr pressure of the spectrometers showing intense
Cr_2O_3 signal. Cr segregation and the formation of Cr rich precipitates were
traced by analysing the experimental spectral intensities with respect to
annealing time, Cr content, and kinetic energy of the exited electron.Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, 52 reference
Studies on the Accumulation of Chromium in Fenugreek
Studying Cr uptake by Fenugreek, we note that the maximum concentration of Cr takes place in the shells of the pods followed by leaves, stems and seeds in that order. Interestingly, applied higher doses of Cr does not increase accumulation of Cr in the stems, rather Cr content in the stems levels off. However, the maximum dispersal/distribution of Cr taken up is in the leaves
Determination of the s-wave Scattering Length of Chromium
We have measured the deca-triplet s-wave scattering length of the bosonic
chromium isotopes Cr and Cr. From the time constants for
cross-dimensional thermalization in atomic samples we have determined the
magnitudes and ,
where . By measuring the rethermalization rate of Cr over a
wide temperature range and comparing the temperature dependence with the
effective-range theory and single-channel calculations, we have obtained strong
evidence that the sign of is positive. Rescaling our Cr
model potential to Cr strongly suggests that is positive,
too.Comment: v3: corrected typo in y-axis scaling of Figs. 3 and
On the Lichnerowicz conjecture for CR manifolds with mixed signature
We construct examples of nondegenerate CR manifolds with Levi form of
signature , , which are compact, not locally CR flat, and
admit essential CR vector fields. We also construct an example of a noncompact
nondegenerate CR manifold with signature which is not locally CR flat
and admits an essential CR vector fields. These provide counterexamples to the
analogue of the Lichnerowicz conjecture for CR manifolds with mixed signature.Comment: 7 page
Observation of ferromagnetism above 900 K in Cr-GaN and Cr-AlN
We report the observation of ferromagnetism at over 900K in Cr-GaN and Cr-AlN
thin films. The saturation magnetization moments in our best films of Cr-GaN
and Cr-AlN at low temperatures are 0.42 and 0.6 u_B/Cr atom, respectively,
indicating that 14% and 20%, of the Cr atoms, respectively, are magnetically
active. While Cr-AlN is highly resistive, Cr-GaN exhibits thermally activated
conduction that follows the exponential law expected for variable range hopping
between localized states. Hall measurements on a Cr-GaN sample indicate a
mobility of 0.06 cm^2/V.s, which falls in the range characteristic of hopping
conduction, and a free carrier density (1.4E20/cm^3), which is similar in
magnitude to the measured magnetically-active Cr concentration (4.9E19/cm^3). A
large negative magnetoresistance is attributed to scattering from loose spins
associated with non-ferromagnetic impurities. The results indicate that
ferromagnetism in Cr-GaN and Cr-AlN can be attributed to the double exchange
mechanism as a result of hopping between near-midgap substitutional Cr impurity
bands.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, submitted to AP
Embeddability for Three-Dimensional Cauchy-Riemann Manifolds and CR Yamabe Invariants
Let M^3 be a closed CR 3-manifold. In this paper we derive a Bochner formula
for the Kohn Laplacian in which the pseudo-hermitian torsion plays no role. By
means of this formula we show that the non-zero eigenvalues of the Kohn
Laplacian are bounded below by a positive constant provided the CR Paneitz
operator is non-negative and the Webster curvature is positive. Our lower bound
for the non-zero eigenvalues is sharp and is attained on S^3. A consequence of
our lower bound is that all compact CR 3-manifolds with non-negative CR Paneitz
operator and positive CR Yamabe constant are embeddable. Non-negativity of the
CR Paneitz operator and positivity of the CR Yamabe constant are both CR
invariant conditions and do not depend on conformal changes of the contact
form. In addition we show that under the sufficient conditions above for
embeddability, the embedding is stable in the sense of Burns and Epstein. We
also show that for the Rossi example for non-embedability, the CR Paneitz
operator is negative. For CR structures close to the standard structure on
we show the CR Paneitz operator is positive on the space of pluriharmonic
functions with respect to the standard CR structure on .Comment: The new version also proves a partial converse. That is for CR
structures close to the standard CR structure on the 3-sphere, embedabillity
is shown to imply the non-negativity of the CR Paneitz operator on
pluriharmonic functions for the standard CR structure. Typos are corrected,
and statement of prop. 1.11 revise
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