Bulk Insertions into xBR+ -trees

Bulk insertion refers to the process of updating an existing index by inserting a large batch of new data, treating the items of this batch as a whole and not by inserting these items one-by-one. Bulk insertion is related to bulk loading, which refers to the process of creating a non-existing index from scratch, when the dataset to be indexed is available beforehand. The xBR + -tree is a balanced, disk-resident, Quadtree-based index for point data, which is very efficient for processing spatial queries. In this paper, we present the first algorithm for bulk insertion into xBR+ -trees. This algorithm incorporates extensions of techniques that we have recently developed for bulk loading xBR+ -trees. Moreover, using real and artificial datasets of various cardinalities, we present an experimental comparison of this algorithm vs. inserting items one-by-one for updating xBR+ -trees, regarding performance (I/O and execution time) and the characteristics of the resulting trees. We also present experimental results regarding the query-processing efficiency of xBR+ -trees built by bulk insertions vs. xBR+ -trees built by inserting items one-by-one

Abstract Bulk insertion for R-trees by seeded clustering

We propose a scalable technique called Seeded Clustering that allows us to maintain R-tree indices by bulk insertion while keeping pace with high data arrival rates. Our approach uses a seed tree, which is copied from the top k levels of a target R-tree, to classify input data objects into clusters. We then build an Rtree for each of the clusters and insert the input R-trees into the target R-tree in bulk one at a time. We present detailed algorithms for the seeded clustering and bulk insertion. The experimental results show that the bulk insertion by seeded clustering outperforms the previously known methods. Ó 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: R-tree; Bulk insertion; Repacking; Seeded clustering; Seed tre