Building Multilingual Named Entity Annotated Corpora Exploiting Parallel Corpora

Proceedings of the Workshop on Annotation and Exploitation of Parallel Corpora AEPC 2010. Editors: Lars Ahrenberg, Jörg Tiedemann and Martin Volk. NEALT Proceedings Series, Vol. 10 (2010), 24-33. © 2010 The editors and contributors. Published by Northern European Association for Language Technology (NEALT) http://omilia.uio.no/nealt . Electronically published at Tartu University Library (Estonia) http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15893

Weakly Supervised Cross-Lingual Named Entity Recognition via Effective Annotation and Representation Projection

The state-of-the-art named entity recognition (NER) systems are supervised machine learning models that require large amounts of manually annotated data to achieve high accuracy. However, annotating NER data by human is expensive and time-consuming, and can be quite difficult for a new language. In this paper, we present two weakly supervised approaches for cross-lingual NER with no human annotation in a target language. The first approach is to create automatically labeled NER data for a target language via annotation projection on comparable corpora, where we develop a heuristic scheme that effectively selects good-quality projection-labeled data from noisy data. The second approach is to project distributed representations of words (word embeddings) from a target language to a source language, so that the source-language NER system can be applied to the target language without re-training. We also design two co-decoding schemes that effectively combine the outputs of the two projection-based approaches. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approaches on both in-house and open NER data for several target languages. The results show that the combined systems outperform three other weakly supervised approaches on the CoNLL data.Comment: 11 pages, The 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 201

Multilingual Named Entity Recognition through Data and Model Transfer

Maisterintutkielma käsittelee monikielistä nimien tunnistusta. Tutkielmassa testataan kahta lähestymistapaa monikieliseen nimien tunnistukseen: annotoidun datan siirtoa toisille kielille, sekä monikielisen mallin luomista. Lisäksi nämä kaksi lähestymistapaa yhdistetään. Tarkoitus on löytää menetelmiä, joilla nimien tunnistusta voidaan tehdä luotettavasti myös pienemmillä kielillä, joilla annotoituja nimientunnistusaineistoja ei ole suuressa määrin saatavilla. Tutkielmassa koulutetaan ja testataan malleja neljällä kielellä: suomeksi, viroksi, hollanniksi ja espanjaksi. Ensimmäisessä metodissa annotoitu data siirretään kieleltä toiselle monikielisen paralleelikorpuksen avulla, ja näin syntynyttä dataa käytetään neuroverkkoja hyödyntävän koneoppimismallin opettamiseen. Toisessa metodissa käytetään monikielistä BERT-mallia. Mallin koulutukseen käytetään annotoituja korpuksia, jotka yhdistetään monikieliseksi opetusaineistoksi. Kolmannessa metodissa kaksi edellistä metodia yhdistetään, ja kieleltä toiselle siirrettyä dataa käytetään monikielisen BERT-mallin koulutuksessa. Kaikkia kolmea lähestymistapaa testataan kunkin kielen annotoidulla testisetillä, ja tuloksia verrataan toisiinsa. Metodi, jossa rakennettiin monikielinen BERT-malli, saavutti selkeästi parhaimmat tulokset nimien tunnistamisessa. Neuroverkkomallit, jotka koulutettiin kielestä toiseen siirretyillä annotaatioilla, saivat selkeästi heikompia tuloksia. BERT-mallin kouluttaminen siirretyillä annotaatioilla tuotti myös heikkoja tuloksia. Annotaatioiden siirtäminen kieleltä toiselle osoittautui haastavaksi, ja tuloksena syntynyt data sisälsi virheitä. Tulosten heikkouteen vaikutti myös opetusaineiston ja testiaineiston kuuluminen eri genreen. Monikielinen BERT-malli on tutkielman mukaan testatuista parhaiten toimiva metodi, ja sopii myös kielille, joilla annotoituja aineistoja ei ole paljon saatavilla

Proceedings

Proceedings of the Workshop on Annotation and Exploitation of Parallel Corpora AEPC 2010. Editors: Lars Ahrenberg, Jörg Tiedemann and Martin Volk. NEALT Proceedings Series, Vol. 10 (2010), 98 pages. © 2010 The editors and contributors. Published by Northern European Association for Language Technology (NEALT) http://omilia.uio.no/nealt . Electronically published at Tartu University Library (Estonia) http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15893

Naamapadam: A Large-Scale Named Entity Annotated Data for Indic Languages

We present, Naamapadam, the largest publicly available Named Entity Recognition (NER) dataset for the 11 major Indian languages from two language families. The dataset contains more than 400k sentences annotated with a total of at least 100k entities from three standard entity categories (Person, Location, and, Organization) for 9 out of the 11 languages. The training dataset has been automatically created from the Samanantar parallel corpus by projecting automatically tagged entities from an English sentence to the corresponding Indian language translation. We also create manually annotated testsets for 9 languages. We demonstrate the utility of the obtained dataset on the Naamapadam-test dataset. We also release IndicNER, a multilingual IndicBERT model fine-tuned on Naamapadam training set. IndicNER achieves an F1 score of more than $80$ for $7$ out of $9$ test languages. The dataset and models are available under open-source licences at https://ai4bharat.iitm.ac.in/naamapadam.Comment: ACL 202

FRASIMED: a Clinical French Annotated Resource Produced through Crosslingual BERT-Based Annotation Projection

Natural language processing (NLP) applications such as named entity recognition (NER) for low-resource corpora do not benefit from recent advances in the development of large language models (LLMs) where there is still a need for larger annotated datasets. This research article introduces a methodology for generating translated versions of annotated datasets through crosslingual annotation projection. Leveraging a language agnostic BERT-based approach, it is an efficient solution to increase low-resource corpora with few human efforts and by only using already available open data resources. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations are often lacking when it comes to evaluating the quality and effectiveness of semi-automatic data generation strategies. The evaluation of our crosslingual annotation projection approach showed both effectiveness and high accuracy in the resulting dataset. As a practical application of this methodology, we present the creation of French Annotated Resource with Semantic Information for Medical Entities Detection (FRASIMED), an annotated corpus comprising 2'051 synthetic clinical cases in French. The corpus is now available for researchers and practitioners to develop and refine French natural language processing (NLP) applications in the clinical field (https://zenodo.org/record/8355629), making it the largest open annotated corpus with linked medical concepts in French