Towards National Security and Peace: The Strategic Role of Libraries

This article is aimed at examining the causes of insecurity and violence in Nigeria and around the world. It discusses the active roles libraries play in promoting peace and security in different countries. It highlights the fact that several threats to lives, ranging from terrorism, communal and tribal clashes, kidnapping, pollution, health, physical and environmental hazards, and economic crisis amongothers, can be curbed through information and intelligence services. Premised on these, this article seeks to analyze and make recommendations for the promotion of literacy by libraries, build collaborative relationships between librarians and security operatives, and provide suggestions for the provision of current information against terrorism and security of lives and properties. It also seeks to provide current news on terrorism and intelligence services in Nigeria and around theworld, and on social and national security for peaceful co-existence in communitie

Population modeling with machine learning can enhance measures of mental health

Background: Biological aging is revealed by physical measures, e.g., DNA probes or brain scans. In contrast, individual differences in mental function are explained by psychological constructs, e.g., intelligence or neuroticism. These constructs are typically assessed by tailored neuropsychological tests that build on expert judgement and require careful interpretation. Could machine learning on large samples from the general population be used to build proxy measures of these constructs that do not require human intervention? Results: Here, we built proxy measures by applying machine learning on multimodal MR images and rich sociodemographic information from the largest biomedical cohort to date: the UK Biobank. Objective model comparisons revealed that all proxies captured the target constructs and were as useful, and sometimes more useful, than the original measures for characterizing real-world health behavior (sleep, exercise, tobacco, alcohol consumption). We observed this complementarity of proxy measures and original measures at capturing multiple health-related constructs when modeling from, both, brain signals and sociodemographic data. Conclusion: Population modeling with machine learning can derive measures of mental health from heterogeneous inputs including brain signals and questionnaire data. This may complement or even substitute for psychometric assessments in clinical populations

Tacit Representations and Artificial Intelligence: Hidden Lessons from an Embodied Perspective on Cognition

In this paper, I explore how an embodied perspective on cognition might inform research on artificial intelligence. Many embodied cognition theorists object to the central role that representations play on the traditional view of cognition. Based on these objections, it may seem that the lesson from embodied cognition is that AI should abandon representation as a central component of intelligence. However, I argue that the lesson from embodied cognition is actually that AI research should shift its focus from how to utilize explicit representations to how to create and use tacit representations. To develop this suggestion, I provide an overview of the commitments of the classical view and distinguish three critiques of the role that representations play in that view. I provide further exploration and defense of Daniel Dennett’s distinction between explicit and tacit representations. I argue that we should understand the embodied cognition approach using a framework that includes tacit representations. Given this perspective, I will explore some AI research areas that may be recommended by an embodied perspective on cognition

Pendidikan Holistik Berbasis Kecerdasan Ruhiologi di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0

The Era of the 4.0 Industrial Revolution has affected a significant change in the educational world, especially the technological influence on human life, has also resulted in a multidimensional crisis that stems from the modern human spritual crisis, the spritual values that became the main cornerstone of the moral formation to be neglected. Holistic education through integrating human intelligence that includes IQ, EQ, and SQ with RQ is a must. Ruhiology Intelligence (RQ) is the intelligence that originates from the human side of the science of the spirit. This intelligence is the earliest human-owned intelligence that is the source of the three intelligence of IQ, EQ, and SQ. The Ruhiology Intelligence (RQ) is intelligence derived from a vertical (human-spirit) relationship through religious knowledge of nonphysical material. It is certainly different from many other intelligences such as IQ, EQ, and SQ which are often free of value (physical material) so as to make people lose the peace of life. The purpose of this research is to build intelligence (IQ, EQ, and SQ) through integrating holistically with Ruhiology intelligence (RQ). This research uses a descriptive-analytical approach through a research library research with data analysis techniques conducted only to the extent of the description, namely analyzing and presenting the facts systematically so that it can be easier to understand and conclude. The results of the study showed that there was a side in the human (non physical material) that came from God as the main mover in character formation. The inside side is the spirit. Ruh plays a big role in the formation of one's sprituality compared to the intelligence of IQ, EQ, and SQ which is still a material spirit. To achieve this ruhiology intelligence required a vertical relationship between human beings with the creator of the spirit that is Allah SWT through the means of prayer worship. The implications of Ruhiology Intelligence (RQ) can solidly strengthen this intelligence (IQ, EQ, SQ) will be evident from the changes in sexual behaviour.

Human Computation and Convergence

Humans are the most effective integrators and producers of information, directly and through the use of information-processing inventions. As these inventions become increasingly sophisticated, the substantive role of humans in processing information will tend toward capabilities that derive from our most complex cognitive processes, e.g., abstraction, creativity, and applied world knowledge. Through the advancement of human computation - methods that leverage the respective strengths of humans and machines in distributed information-processing systems - formerly discrete processes will combine synergistically into increasingly integrated and complex information processing systems. These new, collective systems will exhibit an unprecedented degree of predictive accuracy in modeling physical and techno-social processes, and may ultimately coalesce into a single unified predictive organism, with the capacity to address societies most wicked problems and achieve planetary homeostasis.Comment: Pre-publication draft of chapter. 24 pages, 3 figures; added references to page 1 and 3, and corrected typ

Ants don't have friends: thoughts on socially intelligent agents

The question what is an agent? has been under dis cussion for many years. However, a consensus exists that the term 'agent' only makes sense in a multi-agent context - namely if there are at least two agents and assuming interaction and or communication between the agents. Agent research is generally done fairly independently in dfferent research areas, separated by the nature of the agents - natural or articial. This paper presents some thoughts on agency and sociality. Social intelligence is studied in the context of human style forms of social behaviour. Issues like embodiment, believability, rationality, social understanding,and different levels of social organisation and control are discussed