Detection of the tagged or untagged photons in acousto-optic imaging of thick highly scattering media by photorefractive adaptive holography

We propose an original adaptive wavefront holographic setup based on the photorefractive effect (PR), to make real-time measurements of acousto-optic signals in thick scattering media, with a high flux collection at high rates for breast tumor detection. We describe here our present state of art and understanding on the problem of breast imaging with PR detection of the acousto-optic signal

Interventional Breast Imaging

Interventional breast imaging is essential in the diagnosis of abnormal findings in the breast tissue. Interventional breast imaging began as an open excision; the breast was biopsied through a surgical procedure that required the whole breast to be excised, thus allowing a sample of the breast tissue to be obtained. With this type of biopsy, the patient would have a longer recovery time, a higher cost, and, in some cases, unnecessary excisions. Image guided breast intervention, however, has led to the decline of open excisions. Biopsies performed under the guidance of an imaging modality allow breast interventions to be safe, accurate, and cost-efficient. Through literature review, breast interventions have shown the transition that the role of breast interventions has taken. Instead of the one biopsy, it has developed into a variety of biopsies that can be categorized into two types of palpable and non-palpable biopsies/ needle localization. Additionally, the image guidance can be done through three different modalities: mammography, sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Each modality has its advantages and disadvantages, but they tend to work with one another. In order to know which modality to use for the chosen biopsy, many factors of both the patient and abnormal findings are taken into consideration. Some biopsies have more than one modality that can be used as a guide, while there are other biopsies that can only use the one modality. Through the advancements in technology, many of the modalities are improving their methods of biopsy. Keywords: Breast Intervention, Image Guidance, Breast Biopsies, Mammography, Sonography, Magnetic Resonance Imaginghttps://digitalcommons.misericordia.edu/medimg_seniorposters/1002/thumbnail.jp

Assessment of the added value of the Twente Photoacoustic Mammoscope in breast cancer diagnosis\ud

Purpose: Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a recently developed breast cancer imaging technique. In order to enhance successful clinical implementation, we quantified the potential clinical value of different scenarios incorporating PA imaging by means of multi-criteria analysis. From this analysis, the most promising area of application for PA imaging in breast cancer diagnosis is determined, and recommendations are provided to optimize the design of PA imaging. - \ud Methods: The added value of PA imaging was assessed in two areas of application in the diagnostic track. These areas include PA imaging as an alternative to x-ray mammography and ultrasonography in early stage diagnosis, and PA imaging as an alternative to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in later stage diagnosis. The added value of PA imaging was assessed with respect to four main criteria (costs, diagnostic performance, patient comfort and risks). An expert panel composed of medical, technical and management experts was asked to assess the relative importance of the criteria in comparing the alternative diagnostic devices. The judgments of the experts were quantified based on the validated pairwise comparison technique of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, a technique for multi-criteria analysis. Sensitivity analysis was applied to account for the uncertainty of the outcomes. - \ud Results: Among the considered alternatives, PA imaging is the preferred technique due to its non-invasiveness, low cost and low risks. However, the experts do not expect large differences in diagnostic performance. The outcomes suggest that design changes to improve the diagnostic performance of PA imaging should focus on the quality of the reconstruction algorithm, detector sensitivity, detector bandwidth and the number of wavelengths used. - \ud Conclusion: The AHP method was useful in recommending the most promising area of application in the diagnostic track for which PA imaging can be implemented, this being early diagnosis, as a substitute for the combined use of x-ray mammography and ultrasonography

3D microwave tomography with huber regularization applied to realistic numerical breast phantoms

Quantitative active microwave imaging for breast cancer screening and therapy monitoring applications requires adequate reconstruction algorithms, in particular with regard to the nonlinearity and ill-posedness of the inverse problem. We employ a fully vectorial three-dimensional nonlinear inversion algorithm for reconstructing complex permittivity profiles from multi-view single-frequency scattered field data, which is based on a Gauss-Newton optimization of a regularized cost function. We tested it before with various types of regularizing functions for piecewise-constant objects from Institut Fresnel and with a quadratic smoothing function for a realistic numerical breast phantom. In the present paper we adopt a cost function that includes a Huber function in its regularization term, relying on a Markov Random Field approach. The Huber function favors spatial smoothing within homogeneous regions while preserving discontinuities between contrasted tissues. We illustrate the technique with 3D reconstructions from synthetic data at 2GHz for realistic numerical breast phantoms from the University of Wisconsin-Madison UWCEM online repository: we compare Huber regularization with a multiplicative smoothing regularization and show reconstructions for various positions of a tumor, for multiple tumors and for different tumor sizes, from a sparse and from a denser data configuration